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β-1,3/1,6-Glucan-supplemented diets antagonize immune inhibitory effects of hypoxia and enhance the immune response to a model vaccine.
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The diets of farmed salmon are usually supplemented with immunostimulants to improve health status. Because β-glucan is one of the most common immunostimulants used in diets, here we examined the effect of two β-1,3/1,6-glucan-supplemented diets on the expression of immune response genes of Atlantic
Hypoxia Promotes Immune Evasion by Triggering β-Glucan Masking on the Candida albicans Cell Surface via Mitochondrial and cAMP-Protein Kinase A Signaling.
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Organisms must adapt to changes in oxygen tension if they are to exploit the energetic benefits of reducing oxygen while minimizing the potentially damaging effects of oxidation. Consequently, organisms in all eukaryotic kingdoms display robust adaptation to hypoxia (low oxygen levels). This is
Barley beta-glucan promotes MnSOD expression and enhances angiogenesis under oxidative microenvironment.
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Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a foremost antioxidant enzyme, plays a key role in angiogenesis. Barley-derived (1.3) β-d-glucan (β-d-glucan) is a natural water-soluble polysaccharide with antioxidant properties. To explore the effects of β-d-glucan on MnSOD-related angiogenesis under
Hypoxia promotes glycogen accumulation through hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-mediated induction of glycogen synthase 1.
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When oxygen becomes limiting, cells reduce mitochondrial respiration and increase ATP production through anaerobic fermentation of glucose. The Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) play a key role in this metabolic shift by regulating the transcription of key enzymes of glucose metabolism. Here we show
Ganoderma lucidum beta 1,3/1,6 glucan as an immunomodulator in inflammation induced by a high-cholesterol diet.
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BACKGROUND
Binding of beta 1,3/1,6 glucan of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) with the receptor results in a series of signal transfers (signalling cascades), which activates the transcription factors for regulating inflammation. Excess cholesterol intake leads to an increase in the distance between
[Farmer's lung cases of a farmer and his son with high BAL fluid beta-D glucan levels].
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A farmer and his son, who treated straw in a cowshed, were admitted to our hospital because of severe dyspnea during summer time. Their chest X-ray films revealed bilateral reticulonodular shadows in the middle to lower lung fields. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analyses showed a high
Nickel-induced 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme 1 up-regulation via the hypoxic signaling pathway.
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Using the mouse Affymetrix gene chip, we found that 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) was one of the most up-regulated genes following nickel exposure. This result was confirmed by Northern blot in two mouse cell lines, four mouse tissues, and three human cell lines. We further found that
Hypoxia Decreases Diagnostic Biomarkers for Aspergillosis In Vitro.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of hypoxia on galactomannan and (1,3)-β-d-glucan release of clinically relevant Aspergilli in vitro. Hypoxia decreased biomass and consequently led to lower biomarker release. However, when normalized to biomass, hypoxia led to increased
Effects of β-glucan on ROS production and energy metabolism in yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) under acute hypoxic stress.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of β-glucan on acute hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and the changes in energy metabolism by determining ROS production, activities and mRNA levels of energy metabolism enzyme (PK, F-ATPase, SDH and MDH), and in gene expression of HIF-1α in
Hypoxia enhances innate immune activation to Aspergillus fumigatus through cell wall modulation.
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Infection by the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus induces hypoxic microenvironments within the lung that can alter the course of fungal pathogenesis. How hypoxic microenvironments shape the composition and immune activating potential of the fungal cell wall remains undefined. Herein we
Remasking of Candida albicans β-Glucan in Response to Environmental pH Is Regulated by Quorum Sensing.
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Candida albicans is a commensal yeast of the human gut which is tolerated by the immune system but has the potential to become an opportunistic pathogen. One way in which C. albicans achieves this duality is through concealing or exposing cell wall pathogen-associated molecular
Epitope Shaving Promotes Fungal Immune Evasion
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The cell wall provides a major physical interface between fungal pathogens and their mammalian host. This extracellular armor is critical for fungal cell homeostasis and survival. Fungus-specific cell wall moieties, such as β-1,3-glucan, are recognized as pathogen-associated molecular patterns
Dectin immunoadhesins and pneumocystis pneumonia.
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The opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis jirovecii is a significant cause of disease in HIV-infected patients and others with immunosuppressive conditions. Pneumocystis can also cause complications in treatment following antiretroviral therapy or reversal of immunosuppressive therapy, as the newly
Evaluation of Pneumocystis pneumonia infection risk factors in patients with connective tissue disease.
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We conducted a retrospective, clinical evaluation of connective tissue disease (CTD) patients who were tested for either sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Pneumocystis polymerase chain reaction (PC-PCR) and analyzed the risk factors that cause Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) susceptibility and
[Clinical Features of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease].
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Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) complicated with Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP). Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 5 patients who were hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January
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