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Structural features of fungal beta-D-glucans for the efficient inhibition of the initiation of virus infection on Nicotiana tabacum.
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Glucans of fungal origin have been shown to inhibit the early stages of infection of Nicotiana by numerous viruses of different taxonomic groups. Several glucans were isolated from the cell walls of Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea (Pmg) and Fusarium oxysporum, and
The barley genome sequence assembly reveals three additional members of the CslF (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase gene family.
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An important component of barley cell walls, particularly in the endosperm, is (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, a polymer that has proven health benefits in humans and that influences processability in the brewing industry. Genes of the cellulose synthase-like (Csl) F gene family have been shown to be involved
Comparison of cloned genes provides evidence for intergenomic exchange of DNA in the evolution of a tobacco glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase gene family.
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Two genes for prepro glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase (1,3-beta-glucanase; 1,3-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.39) of tobacco were cloned and their sequences were compared with cDNA clones. Southern analysis indicates that the genomic clones represent genes derived from ancestral parents of
Physiological compensation in antisense transformants: specific induction of an "ersatz" glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase in plants infected with necrotizing viruses.
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Plant class I glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidases (beta-1,3-glucanase; 1,3-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.39) have been implicated in development and defense against pathogen attack. Nevertheless, beta-1,3-glucanase deficiencies generated by antisense transformation of Nicotiana sylvestris
Effect of senescence and hormone treatment on the activity of a β-1,3-glucan hydrolase in Nicotiana glutinosa leaves.
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A high level of activity of a β-1,3-glucan hydrolase is present in leaves of Nicotiana glutinosa and the enzyme is also present in the roots, midribs, petioles and stems. By comparison, very low levels of β-1,4-glucan hydrolase are found throughout the plant. The activity of the β-1,3-glucan
Differences in active site structure in a family of beta-glucan endohydrolases deduced from the kinetics of inactivation by epoxyalkyl beta-oligoglucosides.
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The active sites of a spectrum of beta-glucan endohydrolases with distinct, but related substrate specificities have been probed using a series of epoxyalkyl beta-glycosides of glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, laminaribiose, laminaritriose, 3O-beta-D-glucosyl-cellobiose and
Molecular control of the glucan synthase-like protein NaGSL1 and callose synthesis during growth of Nicotiana alata pollen tubes.
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The protein NaGSL1 (Nicotiana alata glucan synthase-like 1) is implicated in the synthesis of callose, the 1,3-beta-glucan that is the major polysaccharide in the walls of N. alata (flowering tobacco) pollen tubes. Here we examine the production, intracellular location and post-translational
Beta-1,3 glucan sulfate, but not beta-1,3 glucan, induces the salicylic acid signaling pathway in tobacco and Arabidopsis.
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Sulfate substituents naturally occurring in biomolecules, such as oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, can play a critical role in major physiological functions in plants and animals. We show that laminarin, a beta-1,3 glucan with elicitor activity in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), becomes, after
(1,3;1,4)-β-Glucan Biosynthesis by the CSLF6 Enzyme: Position and Flexibility of Catalytic Residues Influence Product Fine Structure.
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Cellulose synthase-like F6 (CslF6) genes encode polysaccharide synthases responsible for (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan biosynthesis in cereal grains. However, it is not clear how both (1,3)- and (1,4)-linkages are incorporated into a single polysaccharide chain and how the frequency and arrangement of the two
Loss of Cellulose synthase-like F6 function affects mixed-linkage glucan deposition, cell wall mechanical properties, and defense responses in vegetative tissues of rice.
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Mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) is a cell wall polysaccharide containing a backbone of unbranched (1,3)- and (1,4)-linked β-glucosyl residues. Based on its occurrence in plants and chemical characteristics, MLG has primarily been associated with the regulation of cell wall expansion due to its high and
Pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata express two genes from different beta-glucan synthase families.
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The walls deposited by growing pollen tubes contain two types of beta-glucan, the (1,3)-beta-glucan callose and the (1,4)-beta-glucan cellulose, as well as various alpha-linked pectic polysaccharides. Pollen tubes of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto, an ornamental tobacco, were therefore used to
Functional characterization of barley betaglucanless mutants demonstrates a unique role for CslF6 in (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan biosynthesis.
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(1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans (mixed-linkage glucans) are found in tissues of members of the Poaceae (grasses), and are particularly high in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains. The present study describes the isolation of three independent (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucanless (betaglucanless; bgl) mutants of barley which
Bacterial cyclic beta-(1,2)-glucan acts in systemic suppression of plant immune responses.
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Although cyclic glucans have been shown to be important for a number of symbiotic and pathogenic bacterium-plant interactions, their precise roles are unclear. Here, we examined the role of cyclic beta-(1,2)-glucan in the virulence of the black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris
Plant species-specific recognition of long and short β-1,3-linked glucans is mediated by different receptor systems.
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Plants survey their environment for the presence of potentially harmful or beneficial microbes. During colonization, cell surface receptors perceive microbe-derived or modified-self ligands and initiate appropriate responses. The recognition of fungal chitin oligomers and the subsequent activation
Activation of beta-glucan synthases by wall-bound purple acid phosphatase in tobacco cells.
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Wall-bound purple acid phosphatases have been shown to be potentially involved in the regulation of plant cell growth. The aim of this work was to further investigate the function of one of these phosphatases in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), NtPAP12, using transgenic cells overexpressing the enzyme.
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