n acetyl d glucosamine/nekrosis

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Synthesis and macrophage activation of lentinan-mimic branched amino polysaccharides: curdlans having N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine branches.

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N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine branches were incorporated at the C-6 position of curdlan, a linear β-1,3-d-glucan, and the resulting nonnatural branched polysaccharides were evaluated in terms of the immunomodulation activities in comparison with lentinan, a β-1,3-d-glucan having d-glucose branches at C-6.

Mechanisms of skin adherence, penetration and tissue necrosis production by Haemophilus ducreyi, the causative agent of chancroid.

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Haemophilus ducreyi (H. ducreyi) strains, representing both reference strains and low-passage isolates, were investigated in terms of surface structures and enzymatic equipment. The interaction of these factors with host tissue was analysed using new in vitro- and in vivo-models. By electron

Suppressive effects of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine on rheumatoid arthritis mouse models.

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We examined effects of N-acetyl-D: -glucosamine (GlcNAc) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mouse models and effects of GlcNAc and glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN) on several serum cytokine productions in RA mouse models. SKG/jcl mice were divided into control, GlcNAc, and GlcN groups. For 56 days, the

Involvement of a tachylectin-like gene and its protein in pathogenesis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in the shrimp, Penaeus monodon.

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A shrimp disease, the so-called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is caused by a specific strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) and it has resulted in significant losses to the global shrimp farming industry. In our previous study, three of tachylectin-like genes were cloned and

Depletion of cellular cholesterol enhances macrophage MAPK activation by chitin microparticles but not by heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG.

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When macrophages phagocytose chitin (N-acetyl-d-glucosamine polymer) microparticles, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are immediately activated, followed by the release of Th1 cytokines, but not IL-10. To determine whether phagocytosis and macrophage activation in response to chitin

Antimicrobial activity of mannose binding lectin in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in vivo and in vitro.

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Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is a crucial pattern recognition receptor in the host innate immune system. Previously, we reported the biological function of Ctenopharyngodon idella MBL (CiMBL) in initiating the lectin pathway of the complement system. In the present study, we further explored its

Functional consequences of the binding of gliadin to cultured rat mesangial cells: bridging immunoglobulin A to cells and modulation of eicosanoid synthesis and altered cytokine production.

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Oral immunization with gliadin (GLI) can induce immunoglobulin A mesangial deposits (IgA nephropathy [IgAN]) in mice. A role for GLI in human IgAN has been inferred from an association with celiac disease, increased serum anti-GLI IgA in patients with IgAN, and benefit from a gluten-free diet

Peripheral membrane molecules of leukocytes and NK cytotoxicity.

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Some leukocyte effector cell-surface molecules movement toward the adjoining target cells takes place during the reaction of NK cytotoxicity (NK R). The majority of the moving molecules are usually anchored via a divalent-ion-dependent interaction (PMM-M2+). The released PMM-M2+ can interact also

Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli stimulates mucin secretion by cultured dog gallbladder epithelial cells.

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Biliary infection is associated with mucin hypersecretion by the biliary epithelium. Mucins have been identified as potent pronucleators of cholesterol in bile. The aim of the present study was to determine whether lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from different bacteria are capable of stimulating mucin

Branched chitins as nonnatural immunomodulatory biopolymers: secretions of TNF-alpha and NO by direct stimulation of macrophages.

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In view of the interesting properties of branched polysaccharides occurring in nature, biological activities of nonnatural branched chitins having beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine branches on the poly(beta-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) backbone have been studied. The immunostimulatory activities of the

Glycosylation regulates NK cell-mediated effector function through PI3K pathway.

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Aberrant glycosylation, which impairs recognition capability of NK cells or modifies recognition pattern of target cells, is associated with cancer. Synthetic glycoconjugates (GCs), which modulate cell glycosylation, increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to therapy or boost anti-cancer immune

Comparison of lipoteichoic acid from different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

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Pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is known to have a completely different chemical structure compared with that of Staphylococcus aureus: the polyglycerophosphate in the backbone is replaced in the pneumococcal LTA by a pentamer repeating unit consisting of one ribitol and a tetrasaccharide

A refined model for the TSG-6 link module in complex with hyaluronan: use of defined oligosaccharides to probe structure and function.

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Tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is an inflammation-associated hyaluronan (HA)-binding protein that contributes to remodeling of HA-rich extracellular matrices during inflammatory processes and ovulation. The HA-binding domain of TSG-6 consists solely of a Link module, making it a

Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of a polysaccharide from Artemisia argyi.

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A water-soluble polysaccharide (FAAP-02), composed of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, glucose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose and ribose, with an average molecular weight of 5169 Da, was isolated from Artemisia argyi. The antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of FAAP-02 were evaluated

Immunobiological effects of glucosamine in vitro.

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Glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) were assayed in vitro for their effects on proliferation, cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion in primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs). In addition, we studied the effect of GlcN and GlcNAc on the proliferation of purified CD4+

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