750mg of phosphatidic acid per day for 12 weeks

375mg of phosphatidic acid per day for 12 weeks

750mg of corn starch per day for 12 weeks

Hypertrophy

Muscle Strength

The total daily doses will be distributed in 3 individual doses: in the group that will ingest 750mg per day, the individual doses will be 250mg, while in the group that will ingest 375mg per day, the individual doses will be 125mg. The capsules should be consumed at breakfast, 30 minutes before each training session (or at lunch, on days when there is no training) and at dinner.

phosphatidic acid supplementation

Three individual doses of corn starch will be consumed per day. The capsules should be consumed at breakfast, 30 minutes before each training session (or at lunch, on days when there is no training) and at dinner.

Placebo (corn starch supplementation)

All participants will be submitted to a 12-week strength training program, with 3 training sessions per week, totaling 36 training sessions.

Strength training

School of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sao Paulo

Effects of Phosphatidic Acid on Strength and Hypertrophy

Effects of Phosphatidic Acid Supplementation on Strength and Hypertrophic Responses to Strength Training

Assessments of the maximum dynamic strength and the dynamic strength resistance of the upper and lower limbs will be performed before and after treatment. The evaluation of the maximum dynamic strength will be performed on leg-press equipment, for the lower limbs, and bench press, for the upper limbs. The tests for assessing maximum dynamic strength (1RM) will follow methods proposed by the American Society for Exercise Physiology (Brown & Weir, 2001). After determining the 1-RM, the test will be repeated 5 days later to confirm the maximum loads. The tests will be repeated as many times as necessary until the difference between charges is less than 5%. The evaluation of dynamic strength endurance will be performed in leg-press and bench press exercises where the volunteers must perform repetitions until fatigue with a load equivalent to 70% of 1RM. Participants will have to perform the maximum number of repetitions until reaching the concentric failure.

The architecture of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles will be evaluated with a B-mode ultrasound, with a linear vector transducer and a frequency of 7.5 MHz (Samsung, Sonaance R3).For this, the volunteers will be placed in the supine position with legs extended. An experienced researcher will delimit, with semi-permanent ink, the point on which the measurements will be taken. The skin will then be marked transversely (angle of 90 with the lateral epicondyle of the tibia) every 2 cm for measurements. The transducer, aligned perpendicular to the muscle, will be moved from a central position to a lateral position along the pre-established boundaries. The contact pressure will be kept minimal and stable during each measurement. Finally, the images obtained will be assembled in such a way that the cross-sectional area of the vast side is established, which will be subsequently evaluated by the Madena 3.2.1 free-use image digitization software.

Body composition will be assessed by hydrostatic weighing before and after the treatment period. The participant must wear only swim trunks and must fast for 4 hours, having not ingested water in the last 4 hours before the test. The individual will enter the pool, sit on a chair and leave only his face out of the water. Then you should sink your head completely in the water, breathing out all the air in your lungs. The procedure should be repeated about 10 times, until we obtain a stable measure of the weight in the water. The body volume will then be calculated according to Wilmore and Behnke (1969) and the fat percentage according to Siri (1961). The residual lung volume will be estimated according to Goldman and Becklake (1959). The fat free mass and fat mass data will be determined in units of kilograms (kg) and percentage (%), in addition to the value of total body mass (kg).

Bruno Gualano

Associate Professor

University of Sao Paulo

3 grams cornstarch once per day for one day.

Healthy Adult

L-arginine

Placebo

L-arginine Supplementation and Resistance Exercise

The Acute Effects of L-arginine Supplementation on Flow-mediated Dilation After Resistance Exercise to Fatigue

Flow mediated dilation was measured using a A Philips HD11XE ultrasound system (Philips, Amsterdam, NL) equipped with 2D imaging, color and spectral Doppler, and a high-frequency vascular transducer.

Hear rate variability was recorded using a Polar H7 Bluetooth strap (Polar, Bethpage, NY) combined Personal Pro Elite HRV smartphone application (elitehrv.com) over 5 minutes intervals then further analyzed with Kubios software

Kyle Hackney

Assistant Professor

North Dakota State University

double blind, placebo, controlled -cross over

blinding performed by co-investigator not involved with data collection

All participants underwent otoscopy and tympanometry, responded to the Profile of Mood State (POMS), submitted to the cVEMP, oVEMP and caloric tests in that order. After that they received caffeine capsule (300mg). After 45 minutes they again responded to the POMS, repeated the cVEMP, oVEMP and caloric test.

All participants underwent otoscopy and tympanometry, responded to the Profile of Mood State (POMS), submitted to the cVEMP, oVEMP and caloric tests in that order. After that they received placebo capsule (maize starch). After 45 minutes they again responded to the POMS, repeated the cVEMP, oVEMP and caloric test.

Vertigo

Diseases, Vestibular

Caffeine

Non caffeine

Instituto Brasiliense de Otorrinolaringologia (IBORL)

Effect of Caffeine Intake in Vestibular Function

Effect of Caffeine Intake in Vestibular Function: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Trial

Total of Mood Sates - It is a numerical scale that describes the participant's mood at that moment

The data will be published in full on the master's dissertation

Alleluia Lima Losno Ledesma

Audiologist

Instituto Brasiliense de Otorrinolaringologia

Active component 50 mg. capsules of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)

Insomnia

Nocturnal Awakening

Irritability

Coping Behavior

Stress

5-ALA 50 mg. p.o. daily capsules taken over 6 weeks.

5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)

Daily p.o. capsule of similar shape and color to active ingredient 5-ALA capsule taken over 6 weeks.

University of Hawaii at Manoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Dept. of Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Use Of The Dietary Supplement 5-ALA And Its Relationship With Sleep And Mood

Supplement 5-ALA And Sleep And Mood Study

Patterns relating to sleep and mood will be recorded each day of the study by each participant over a 10 week period. This study is conducted to determine if a daily 50 mg p.o. intake of 5-ALA reveals a relationship of improvement regarding patterns of sleep or mood.

University of Hawaii

SBI ALApromo Co., Ltd. - Strategic Business Innovator

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Methotrexate and folic acid

University Health Network

Study of Methotrexate in Lupus Erythematosus

A Canadian Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Methotrexate and Folic Acid in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Phase III Trial.

starch/fatigue

Effects of Phosphatidic Acid on Strength and Hypertrophy

L-arginine Supplementation and Resistance Exercise

Effect of Caffeine Intake in Vestibular Function

Use Of The Dietary Supplement 5-ALA And Its Relationship With Sleep And Mood

Study of Methotrexate in Lupus Erythematosus

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