theobromine/nekrosis

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Collaborative work to evaluate toxicity on male reproductive organs by repeated dose studies in rats 22). Effects of 2- and 4-week administration of theobromine on the testis.

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The effects of theobromine, a xanthine derivative, on the testis were compared between rats dosed for 2 and 4 weeks to determine whether a 2-week dosing period is long enough to detect toxicity. Theobromine was administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 250 and 500 mg/kg for 2

Pentoxifylline inhibits certain constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activities of human normal dermal fibroblasts.

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Pentoxifylline (PFN), analog of theobromine, which phenotypically and functionally alters various cell types including dermal fibroblasts, has been reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) activation of neutrophils. We investigated the ability of PFN to alter constitutive and TNF

Theobromine mitigates IL-1β-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and degradation of type II collagen in human chondrocytes.

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Osteoarthritis is one of the major causes of disability in elderly adults. Chondrocytes are responsible for the formation and remodeling of articular cartilage in joint tissue. The dysfunction of chondrocytes is a significant factor in the development of osteoarthritis. In the current study, we

Comparative toxicities of dietary caffeine and theobromine in the rat.

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Caffeine, incorporated into pulverized Purina Rat Chow at a concentration of 0.5%, was fed to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 7 or 8 wk and the effects were compared with those of 0.8% dietary theobromine, fed to male rats for 7 wk. Both dietary methylated xanthines produced significant decreases in

Caffeine metabolites are inhibitors of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 at physiological concentrations.

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The activity of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (E.C.2.4.2.30), which is highly activated by DNA strand breaks, is associated with the pathophysiology of both acute as well as chronic inflammatory diseases. PARP-1 overactivation and the subsequent extensive turnover of its substrate

Pharmacologic modulation of interleukin-1 expression by amphotericin B-stimulated human mononuclear cells.

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Fever and chills occur frequently with amphotericin B (AB) administration, but the mechanism that causes these reactions has not been definitively established. A variety of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor, have been shown to be important mediators

THE EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS DIURETICS IN THE ACUTELY NEPHROPATHIC KIDNEY, PROTECTED AND UNPROTECTED BY SODIUM CARBONATE. II.

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The outline which has been given of the relative toxicity of Gréhant's anesthetic in normal animals, in animals that were nephropathic from uranium and protected against the anesthetic by an alkaline solution, and in those animals which were unprotected by such a solution, furnishes the basis for

Spontaneous and induced arterial disease in the dog: pathology and pathogenesis.

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The spontaneous arterial diseases of the dog relevant to safety assessment studies of drugs are the extramural coronary arteritis of Hartman, intramural coronary arteriosclerosis (with amyloid deposition) occurring in older dogs with cardiac disability, intramural arteriosclerosis without amyloid

Induction of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl and Potassium Phosphite Increases Mango Resistance to Ceratocystis fimbriata Infection.

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This study used both microscopic and biochemical analyses to investigate the possible defense responses induced by acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and potassium phosphite (Phi) in mango plants inoculated with Ceratocystis fimbriata. Disease development was evaluated in the stems of inoculated mango

Pharmacological aspects of pentoxifylline with emphasis on its inhibitory actions on hepatic fibrogenesis.

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1. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a derivative of the methylxanthine theobromine, has been used for many years in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Increased red blood cell flexibility, reduction of blood viscosity, and decreased potential of platelet aggregation are the basic actions of PTX,

Pentoxifylline in preterm neonates: a systematic review.

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Sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm neonates are associated with significant mortality and morbidity, including long-term neurodevelopmental impairment and socioeconomic burden. Safe and effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of these

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