Alternate irrigation with 1 mL antibiotic-containing solution followed by 4 mL 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution between each size instrument and the consequent one. The antibiotic-containing solution will be prepared by mixing equal quantities of 1.2 gm Co-amoxiclav solution and 600 mg Clindamycin solution at a ratio of 1:1 by volume.

Irrigation with 5 mL MTAD irrigating solution for 5 minutes between each size instrument and the consequent one.

Irrigation with 5 mL 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solution between each size instrument and the consequent one.

Necrotic Pulp

antibiotic-containing solution will be prepared by mixing equal quantities of 1.2gm Co-amoxiclav solution and 600mg Clindamycin solution at a ratio of 1:1 by volume to be used as a root canal irrigating solution

co-amoxiclav-clindamycin solution

mixture of 3% doxycycline hyclate, 4.25% citric acid and detergent (Tween 80) to be used as a root canal irrigating solution

MTAD

It will be prepared by adding 10mL of sterile distilled water to 10mL of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution to be used as a root canal irrigating solution

2.5% sodium hypochlorite

Endodontic Department - Faculty of Dentistry - Cairo University

Effect of Irrigation With Antibiotic-containing Solutions on Postoperative Pain and Intra-canal Bacteria

Effect of Irrigation With Antibiotic-containing Solutions Versus Sodium Hypochlorite on Postoperative Pain and Intra-canal Bacteria in Teeth With Necrotic Pulps (a Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial)

intensity of pain by numerical rating scale from 0 to 10

pre and post-instrumentation samples to count intra-canal bacteria (CFU/mL)

Michel Karam Eissa Elias

Assistant lecturer at endodontic department - School of dentistry - New Giza University

Cairo University

Clear Aligners, Align Technology Inc., Santa Clara, California

Carriere Self-Ligating Bracket, Carlsbad, CA

Preadjusted edge wise brackets using elastomeric ties.

Clear Aligners, Align Technology Inc., Santa Clara, California
Appliance: Orthodontic appliance to carry out orthodontic tooth movement.

Clear Aligner Appliance

Carriere Self-Ligating Bracket, Carlsbad, CA
Appliance: Orthodontic appliance to carry out orthodontic tooth movement.

Self-ligating Appliance

Preadjusted edge wise brackets using elastomeric ties.
Appliance: Orthodontic appliance to carry out orthodontic tooth movement.

Conventional Bracket Appliance

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

A measure of the plaque levels on the desired tooth surface. The following scores were used:
0 no plaque/debris on inspection and probing
thin film of plaque only visible after probing
ribbon-like layer of plaque covering the sulcus & gingival crown areas but not filling interdental space
thick layer of plaque already visible at inspection and filling interdental space

Plaque Index

An evaluation of the gingival architecture . The following scores were used :
0 Physiologic gingiva
Mild inflammation (slight color change and little change in texture)
Moderate inflammation (moderate glazing, redness, edema and hypertrophy, bleeding on probing)
Severe inflammation (marked redness and hypertrophy, ulceration. tendency to bleed spontaneously)

Gingival Index

An evaluation of the amount of inflammation.
The following scores were used:
0 no bleeding
singular bleeding point
several bleeding points or a thin bleeding line along the marginal gingiva
bleeding in the entire interdental gingival triangle immediately after probing
profuse bleeding during probing, bleeding extending over the marginal gingiva eventually with development of blood drops

Bleeding Index

To calculate the bacterial counts from the diluted plates back to baseline undiluted values, the measurement obtained from the diluted plate was multiplied by 10n (n = number of the serial dilution).

Total Bacterial Count

To calculate the bacterial counts from the diluted plates back to baseline undiluted values, the measurement obtained from the diluted plate was multiplied by 10n (n = number of the serial dilution)

S.Mutans Count

Root resorption was analyzed by comparing the root length before (T0) treatment and after 18 months of treatment( T2). Therefore the data values indicate the difference in the root length ( in mm).

Amount of Root Resorption Observed for Maxillary Lateral Incisor = Length of Root at T0-Length of Root at T2 (in mm)

Root resorption was analyzed by comparing the root length before (T0) treatment and after 18 months of treatment( T2)

Amount of Root Resorption Observed for Maxillary Second Premolar = Length of Root at T0-Length of Root at T2 (in mm)

Overall Study

Dr. Madhur Upadhyay, Director Orthodontic Clinic, Assistant Professor

Orthodontic Pathological Resorption of External Root

Complication of Personal Oral Hygiene

Orthodontic appliance to carry out orthodontic tooth movement.

Appliance

Orthodontic Center at University of Connecticut Health Center

Comparison of Oral Hygiene & Root Resorption During Orthodontic Treatment

Comparison of Root Resorption, Microbial Colonization & Gingival Health Between Clear Aligners, Self-Ligating Brackets & Conventional Brackets- A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

agar/heilablóðfall

Effect of Irrigation With Antibiotic-containing Solutions on Postoperative Pain and Intra-canal Bacteria

Comparison of Oral Hygiene & Root Resorption During Orthodontic Treatment

Heillasta gagnagrunnur lækningajurtanna sem studdur er af vísindum