carboxylase/dental caries

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Stability studies on maize leaf phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: the effect of salts.

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The solution stability of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) has been determined in the presence of various salts by temperature-accelerated enzyme inactivation and also by using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. Kosmotropic (water structuring) anions in the Hofmeister series

Association between phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression and outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

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BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have indicated that impaired glucose metabolism may increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates glucose and lipid metabolism via the phosphorylation and subsequent inactivation of its

Molecular bases for sensitivity to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase inhibitors in black-grass.

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In grasses, residues homologous to residues Ile-1,781 and Ile-2,041 in the carboxyl-transferase (CT) domain of the chloroplastic acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACCase) from the grass weed black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides [Huds.]) are critical determinants for sensitivity to two classes of

The importance of the strictly conserved, C-terminal glycine residue in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase for overall catalysis: mutagenesis and truncation of GLY-961 in the sorghum C4 leaf isoform.

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Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a "multifaceted," allosteric enzyme involved in C4 acid metabolism in green plants/microalgae and prokaryotes. Before the elucidation of the three-dimensional structures of maize C4 leaf and Escherichia coli PEPC, our truncation analysis of the sorghum C4

Diffusion and interactions of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the vicinity of the active site of Rubisco: molecular dynamics and quantum chemical studies.

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Molecular dynamics (MD) at the molecular mechanical level and geometry optimisation at the quantum mechanical level have been performed to investigate the transport and fixation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the cavity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, or Rubisco. Multiple MD

Variable mesophyll conductance revisited: theoretical background and experimental implications.

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The CO(2) concentration at the site of carboxylation inside the chloroplast stroma depends not only on the stomatal conductance, but also on the conductance of CO(2) between substomatal cavities and the site of CO(2) fixation. This conductance, commonly termed mesophyll conductance (g(m) ),

Leaf nitrogen dioxide uptake coupling apoplastic chemistry, carbon/sulfur assimilation, and plant nitrogen status.

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Emission and plant uptake of atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO + NO(2)) significantly influence regional climate change by regulating the oxidative chemistry of the lower atmosphere, species composition and the recycling of carbon and nutrients, etc. Plant uptake of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) is

Putative functional role for the invariant aspartate 263 residue of Rhodospirillum rubrum Rubisco.

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Although aspartate residue D263 of Rhodospirillum rubrum Rubisco is close to the active site and invariant in all reported Rubiscos, its possible functional and structural roles in Rubisco activity have not been investigated. We have mutagenised D263 to several selected amino acids (asparagine,

Photosynthetic Pod Wall of Pea (Pisum sativum L.): Distribution of Carbon Dioxide-fixing Enzymes in Relation to Pod Structure.

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The pod wall of pea (Pisum sativum L.) was shown to contain two distinct photosynthetic layers. The outer, comprising chlorenchyma of the mesocarp, captured CO(2) from the outside atmosphere; the inner, a chloroplast-containing epidermis lining the pod gas cavity, was involved in photoassimilation

Differences in mRNA levels in Anabaena living freely or in symbiotic association with Azolla.

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Azolla is a small water fern in whose leaf cavities the filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae is symbiotically associated. Using cloned genes from Anabaena 7120 for glutamine synthetase (GS), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase, nitrogenase and the 32-kd protein of

Adiponectin plays a role in energy metabolism for musk secretion in scent glands of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus).

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Adult male muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) secret musk from their scent glands to attract females for seasonal mating. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether the changes in energy metabolism related to musk secretion during the breeding and non-breeding seasons are mediated by

[Effects of Short Thrust Needing plus Electroacupuncture Intervention on Cartilage Tissue in Rabbits with Knee Osteoarthritis].

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OBJECTIVE To observe the effectiveness of short thrust needling (STN, close-to-bone needing) plus electroacupuncture (EA) in healing knee cartilage tissue and in regulating expressions of cartilage vitamin K dependent gamma-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP 13) and serum

Generation of diversity in Streptococcus mutans genes demonstrated by MLST.

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Streptococcus mutans, consisting of serotypes c, e, f and k, is an oral aciduric organism associated with the initiation and progression of dental caries. A total of 135 independent Streptococcus mutans strains from caries-free and caries-active subjects isolated from various geographical locations

Ligature-induced periodontitis in mice induces elevated levels of circulating interleukin-6 but shows only weak effects on adipose and liver tissues.

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OBJECTIVE Our previous study demonstrated using an oral gavage model that Porphyromonas gingivalis could induce various inflammatory changes linked to periodontitis-associated systemic diseases by altering gut microbiota. A ligature-induced periodontitis model is similar to human periodontitis in

Revisiting the contribution of negative charges on the chaperonin cage wall to the acceleration of protein folding.

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Chaperonin GroEL mediates the folding of protein encapsulated in a GroES-sealed cavity (cage). Recently, a critical role of negative charge clusters on the cage wall in folding acceleration was proposed based on experiments using GroEL single-ring (SR) mutants SR1 and SRKKK2 [Tang YC, et al. (2006)

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