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Peripheral injections of Freund's adjuvant in mice provoke leakage of serum proteins through the blood-brain barrier without inducing reactive gliosis.

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Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and ensuing gliosis are common events following physical trauma to the central nervous system (CNS) or during autoimmune diseases such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Some studies of EAE in rodents report that peripheral injections of

Blood Brain Barrier Impairment in HIV-Positive Naïve and Effectively Treated Patients: Immune Activation Versus Astrocytosis.

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Blood brain barrier (BBB) damage is a common feature in central nervous system infections by HIV and it may persist despite effective antiretroviral therapy. Astrocyte involvement has not been studied in this setting. Patients were enrolled in an ongoing prospective study and subjects with central

The vervet monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops) as an experimental model for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: a clinical, biological and pathological study.

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It has long been known that the vervet monkey, Chlorocebus (C.) aethiops, can be infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense, but this model has not been described for T. gambiense. In this study, we report the development of such a model for human African trypanosomiasis. Twelve vervet monkeys infected

Disruption of the blood-brain interface in neonatal rat neocortex induces a transient expression of metallothionein in reactive astrocytes.

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Exposure of the adult rat brain parenchyma to zinc induces an increase in the intracerebral expression of the metal-binding protein, metallothionein, which is normally confined to astrocytes, ependymal cells, choroid plexus epithelial cells, and brain endothelial cells. Metallothionein is expressed

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid S100B concentrations in patients with neurocysticercosis.

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The clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis (NC) are varied and depend on the number and location of cysts, as well as on the host immune response. Symptoms usually occur in NC when cysticerci enter a degenerative course associated with an inflammatory response. The expression of brain damage

A morphological and ultrastructural investigation of normal mouse brain tissue after intracerebral injection of tumor necrosis factor.

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Morphological and ultrastructural changes in normal mouse brain tissue were investigated after intracerebral stereotactic injections of tumor necrosis factor (specific activity: 2.0 x 10(6) U/mg protein) into the right frontal lobe. The mice received either a single infusion or multiple tumor

Alterations in recovery from spinal cord injury in rats treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for posterolateral arthrodesis.

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BACKGROUND Treatment of trauma-related spinal instability with use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) may appear as a viable option, but little is known of the direct effects of rhBMP-2 on the injured spinal cord. In the current study, we investigated the acute and long-term

The relationship between plasma protein extravasation and remote tissue changes after experimental brain infarction.

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Extravasated endogenous serum albumin and fibrinogen were identified immunohistochemically in coronal brain sections from normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after permanent ligation of the right middle cerebral artery. Infarcts were seen in all the SHR but

IL-6 deficiency leads to reduced metallothionein-I+II expression and increased oxidative stress in the brain stem after 6-aminonicotinamide treatment.

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We examined the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) deficiency on brain inflammation and the accompanying bone marrow (BM) leukopoiesis and spleen immune reaction after systemic administration of a niacin antagonist, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), which causes both astroglial degeneration/cell death in

Experimental transplantation gliomas in the adult cat brain. 1. Experimental model and neuropathology.

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Tumours were produced in the adult cat brain by injection of the rapidly growing anaplastic rat glioma clone F98 in order to study their neuropathology, pathophysiology, regional biochemistry and magnetic reasonance imaging. We report here the neuropathological behaviour of cell suspensions in the

Protective Effects of Melatonin on Methamphetamine-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Rat Model.

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The specialized brain endothelial cells interconnected by unique junctions and adhesion molecules are distinctive features of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), maintaining the homeostasis of the cerebral microenvironment. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin on

A novel aspect of thrombin in the tissue reaction following central nervous system injury.

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Thrombin and two different types of control solutions (buffer and albumin) were continuously infused into the rat caudoputamen by an osmotic minipump. Routine histological studies with immunohistochemistry using antibodies for BrdU, GFAP, vimentin and laminin were carried out to assess infiltration

Morphological characterization of the evolving rat spinal cord injury after photochemically induced ischemia.

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We have characterized the evolving morphological changes in the adult rat spinal cord following photochemically induced spinal cord ischemia. In cresyl violet-stained sections, disintegration of the tissue at the epicenter was evident at 6 h. This was preceded at 1 h post ischemia by an albumin

Differences in wound healing pattern between mature and immature brain behavior of extravasated serum protein.

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To clarify the fate of extravasated serum protein and tissue reaction following blood brain-barrier breakdown in mature and immature brain, we produced cryogenic injury in the cortices of adult and post natal day 2 rats, and immunohistochemical examination with GFAP, vimentin and albumin, endogenous

Repair of the blood-brain barrier following implantation of polymer capsules.

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Past studies of polymer-encapsulated cell lines implanted in the brain indicated their usefulness for transmitter replacement therapy in animal models. Such grafts may have potentially important clinical applications, but their placement into neural parenchyma may cause a traumatic injury resulting

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