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Vasospasm contributes to monosodium glutamate-induced headache.

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Consumption of monosodium glutamate has long been considered to precipitate headaches in susceptible patients. In this study the direct effects of glutamate and its metabolite, glutamine, on arterial contractility were examined using rings of rabbit aorta. In a high concentration glutamate caused

Topiramate raises anterior cingulate cortex glutamine levels in healthy men; a 4.0 T magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

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BACKGROUND Potential mechanisms of action of topiramate include alterations of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. In particular, topiramate has been shown to increase occipital cortex GABA levels, as measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study

Can the positional release technique affect central sensitization in patients with chronic tension-type headache? A randomized clinical trial

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Objective: To investigate whether the positional release technique (PRT) affects central sensitization in patients with chronic TTH. Design: Randomised controlled trial with

Plasma levels of neuroexcitatory amino acids in patients with migraine or tension headache.

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Plasma amino acids were analysed in patients with migraine with (9) and without (80) aura, in patients with tension headache (14) and in controls (62). The neuroexcitatory amino acids glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, cysteic acid and homocysteic acid were elevated in migraine patients while total

Brain metabolites in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache.

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Medication overuse headache may be associated with widespread alterations along the thalamocortical pathway, a pathway involved in pain perception and disease progression. This study addressed whether brain metabolites in key regions of the thalamocortical pathway differed between

Platelet and plasma levels of glutamate and glutamine in migraine with and without aura.

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We evaluated plasma and platelet glutamate and glutamine levels in migraine with and without aura during headache-free periods and compared the results with those of normal controls. The plasma and platelet levels of glutamine in migraine with and without aura were normal. Migraine without aura

[A child with non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis affecting the claustrum and hippocampus].

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We experienced an 8-year-old-boy with non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE), who developed headache, convulsion, consciousness disturbance, and ataxia following cold like symptoms. Disturbance of short term memory and a change of character were recognized. Myoclonic seizures and generalized

Neurologic, MR imaging, and MR spectroscopic findings in eosinophilia myalgia syndrome.

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OBJECTIVE Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS), a multisystemic disease induced by exposure to L-tryptophan, may result in serious CNS abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of neurologic characteristics, MR imaging abnormalities, and brain neurometabolites in

Reversible MRI findings in a case of acute intermittent porphyria with a novel mutation in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene.

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Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a partial deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), the third enzyme in the of heme biosynthetic pathway. It can affect the autonomic, peripheral, and central nervous system. Posterior reversible encephalopathy

Neurochemical changes in the medial wall of the brain in chronic migraine.

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Migraine chronification is associated with a dysfunctional thalamocortical pathway. The present study addressed whether abnormal concentrations of neurochemicals exist in key brain regions of this pathway in chronic migraine. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the bilateral medial walls of

Organ culture of the trigeminal ganglion induces enhanced expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide via activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2.

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OBJECTIVE Clinical and experimental studies have revealed a central role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in primary headaches. The role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in neuronal and glial cell expression of CGRP- immunoreactivity (-ir) in rat trigeminal ganglia

High incidence of symptomatic hyperammonemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving pegylated asparaginase.

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Asparaginase is a mainstay of treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pegylation of asparaginase extends its biological half-life and has been introduced in the newest treatment protocols aiming to further increase treatment success. Hyperammonemia is a recognized side effect of

Protective Effects of Gastrodin Against Autophagy-Mediated Astrocyte Death.

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Gastrodin is an active ingredient derived from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata. This compound is usually used to treat convulsive illness, dizziness, vertigo, and headache. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gastrodin on the autophagy of glial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1

[Vomiting associated with weight stagnation and convulsions: urea cycle disorder should be suspected].

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In some inherited metabolic diseases, in particular in urea cycle disorders, which are usually diagnosed in neonatal period or in childhood, vomiting is often the first symptom. We report a case of late revelation of urea cycle disorder in a 13 years old female patient hospitalized for convulsions

Elevated phenylacetic acid levels do not correlate with adverse events in patients with urea cycle disorders or hepatic encephalopathy and can be predicted based on the plasma PAA to PAGN ratio.

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BACKGROUND Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is the active moiety in sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPBA) and glycerol phenylbutyrate (GPB, HPN-100). Both are approved for treatment of urea cycle disorders (UCDs) - rare genetic disorders characterized by hyperammonemia. PAA is conjugated with glutamine in the liver

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