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Infectious in vitro transcripts from cloned cDNA of the potato A potyvirus.

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A full-length cDNA copy of potato virus A RNA was constructed downstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter. A single extra guanosine not present in PVA RNA was added to the 5'-end of the cDNA. The capped in vitro transcripts from cloned cDNA were infectious in the mesophyll

Flower Formation in Excised Tobacco Stem Segments; II. Reversible Removal of IAA Inhibition by RNA Base Analogues.

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The RNA base analogues, 2-thiouracil, 6-azauracil and 8-azaguanine incorporated singly into the medium, increased the number of floral buds in excised stem segments of Nicotiana tabacum variety Wisconsin No. 38 cultured in vitro. Combined treatments with 2 and 3 base analogues were even more

Arabidopsis thaliana constitutively active ROP11 interacts with the NADPH oxidase respiratory burst oxidase homologue F to regulate reactive oxygen species production in root hairs

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key signalling role in cells. Plant NADPH oxidases, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rbohs), are well characterised ROS-generating systems. In this study, we found that the constitutively active small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) ROP11

Transfer ribonucleic Acid modification and its relationship to tumorous and nontumorous plant growth.

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Detailed analyses of tRNA hydrolysates from four tissue types of Nicotiana tabacum, pith from intact plants, pith growing in culture, habituated tissue in culture, and crown gall tumor tissue in culture, revealed significant qualitative and quantitative differences in the pattern of methylation.

Purine metabolism in mesophyll protoplasts of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves.

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The overall metabolism of purines was studied in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mesophyll protoplasts. Metabolic pathways were studied by measuring the conversion of radioactive adenine, adenosine, hypoxanthine and guanine into purine ribonucleotides, ribonucleosides, bases and nucleic acid

Crystal structures of the ribonuclease MC1 mutants N71T and N71S in complex with 5'-GMP: structural basis for alterations in substrate specificity.

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Ribonuclease MC1 (RNase MC1), isolated from bitter gourd seeds, is a uridine specific RNase belonging to the RNase T2 family. Mutations of Asn71 in RNase MC1 to the amino acids Thr (N71T) and Ser (N71S) in guanosine preferential RNases altered the substrate specificity from uridine specific to

N 6 -methyl-adenosine level in Nicotiana tabacum is associated with tobacco mosaic virus.

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N 6 -methyl-adenosine (m6A) is a prevalent RNA modification in many species. Abnormal m6A methylation levels can lead to RNA dysfunction and can cause diseases. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one of the most devastating viruses for agricultural plants. It has many hosts, particularly including

Deletion of fucose residues in plant N-glycans by repression of the GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase gene using virus-induced gene silencing and RNA interference.

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Production of pharmaceutical glycoproteins in plants has many advantages in terms of safety and reduced costs. However, plant-produced glycoproteins have N-glycans with plant-specific sugar residues (core β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose) and a Lewis a (Le(a) ) epitope, i.e.,

NbRABG3f, a member of Rab GTPase, is involved in Bamboo mosaic virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana.

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The screening of differentially expressed genes in plants after pathogen infection can uncover the potential host factors required for the pathogens. In this study, an up-regulated gene was identified and cloned from Nicotiana benthamiana plants after Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) inoculation. The

Development of infectious transcripts from full-length and GFP-tagged cDNA clones of Pepper mottle virus and stable systemic expression of GFP in tobacco and pepper.

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A full-length cDNA clone (pSP6PepMoV-Vb1) of the genomic RNA of a Korean isolate of Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV-Vb1) was constructed downstream of a bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase promoter in the plasmid. In vitro RNA transcripts generated from pSP6PepMoV-Vb1 corresponded to PepMoV-Vb1 RNA

Inducible expression, enzymatic activity, and origin of higher plant homologues of bacterial RelA/SpoT stress proteins in Nicotiana tabacum.

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All living cells possess adaptive responses to environmental stress that are essential to ensuring cell survival. For motile organisms, this can culminate in avoidance or attractile behavior, but for sessile organisms such as plants, stress adaptation is a process of success or failure within the

A key enzyme for flavin synthesis is required for nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production in disease resistance.

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Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in plant immunity. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the production of these radicals are not fully understood. Hypersensitive response (HR) cell death requires the simultaneous and balanced production of NO and ROS. In this

High-throughput in planta expression screening identifies an ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF1) involved in non-host resistance and R gene-mediated resistance.

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To identify positive regulators of cell death in plants, we performed a high-throughput screening, employing potato virus X-based overexpression in planta of a cDNA library derived from paraquat-treated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The screening of 30,000 cDNA clones enabled the identification of

Red clover necrotic mosaic virus infectious transcripts synthesized in vitro.

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The red clover necrotic mosaic dianthovirus (RCNMV) genome is split between two essentially nonhomologous ssRNAs of 3.9 kb (RNA-1) and 1.45 kb (RNA-2) which are each capped at the 5' terminus with m7GpppA. cDNA clones short of full length by several nucleotides at both termini have been generated to

High levels of cyclic-di-GMP in plant-associated Pseudomonas correlate with evasion of plant immunity.

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The plant innate immune system employs plasma membrane-localized receptors that specifically perceive pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs). This induces a defence response called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) to fend off pathogen attack. Commensal bacteria are also exposed

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