inulin/dental caries

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Transport of p-aminohippuric acid (3H-PAH), inulin and dextran out of the cranial cavity: a methodological study using intraventricular injection and sample combustion.

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Material injected into the cerebral ventricles can leave the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but remain in the cranial cavity. To analyze the disappearance of 3H- and of 14C-labelled material from the cranial cavity, such material was injected into the lateral ventricles together with a bulk flow marker,

Permeability of the diaphragm and fluid resorption from the peritoneal cavity in the rat.

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The ability to remove fluid from the peritoneal cavity is greatly impaired in rats after sealing the diaphragm (abrading such that fibrous tissue forms). The in vivo resorptive capacity of rats with sealed diaphragms was significantly reduced from 12.3 +/- 1.77% . hr-1 in controls to 5.05 +/- 2.53%

Streptococcus troglodytae sp. nov., from the chimpanzee oral cavity.

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Six strains, TKU 25, TKU 28, TKU 30, TKU 31(T), TKU 33 and TKU 34, were isolated from the oral cavity of a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Colonies of strains grown on Mitis-Salivarius agar were similar in morphology to that of Streptococcus mutans. The novel strains were Gram-stain-positive,

Transfer of inulin across the first-trimester human placenta.

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OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the transfer of inulin from the mother to the first-trimester fetus. METHODS A bolus of inulin (5 mg/kg) was administered to nine healthy volunteers with pregnancies between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation scheduled for elective termination of pregnancy. Coelomic and

Indirect measurement of lymphatic absorption with inulin in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.

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To elucidate the importance of possible trapping of macromolecules in peritoneal tissue on the calculation of peritoneal lymphatic drainage, we compared the transport of inulin administered i.v. and i.p. in nine continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients on two separate days. In the

Colonic hydrogen generated from fructan diffuses into the abdominal cavity and reduces adipose mRNA abundance of cytokines in rats.

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Hydrogen (H2) protects against inflammation-induced oxidative stress. Nondigestible saccharides (NDSs) enhance colonic H2 production. We examined whether colonic H2 transfers to tissues in the abdominal cavity and whether it affects expression of proinflammatory cytokines. In Expts. 1 and 2, rats

The disappearance of macromolecules from the peritoneal cavity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is not dependent on molecular size.

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The transport of macromolecules from the circulation to the peritoneal cavity is a size-selective restricted process, while the transport of these solutes from the peritoneal cavity is probably mainly by lymphatic absorption. If so, it should be independent of molecular size. Therefore, we studied

Adjuvant effect of gamma-inulin is mediated by C3 fragments deposited on antigen-presenting cells.

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The adjuvant effect of gamma-inulin, a strong activator of the alternative complement pathway, is well-known, but its exact mechanism is not revealed yet. Here, we show that macrophages, isolated from the peritoneal cavity of gamma-inulin-injected mice and used as antigen-presenting cells, enhance

Applications of inulin and oligofructose in health and nutrition.

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Inulin and oligofructose belong to a class of carbohydrates known as fructans. The main sources of inulin and oligofructose that are used in the food industry are chicory and Jerusalem artichoke. Inulin and oligofructose are considered as functional food ingredients since they affect the

Granulomatous inflammation and monstrous giant cells in response to intraperitoneal hormone implants in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

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Plastic implants (2.7 mm maximum dimension) of an ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrix, containing inulin, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), were covered with impervious EVAc and then surgically placed into the peritoneal cavity of 1-year-old channel

Intracellular, interstitial and plasma spaces in the rat myocardium in vivo.

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The aim of this study was to determine tissue water spaces in rat heart in vivo using [14C]-inulin or D-[14C]-mannitol as extracellular markers, and 2,3DPG as whole blood tissue marker. Tracer was injected into the jugular vein of anaesthetised male Sprague-Dawley rats (60 mg/kg) and allowed to

Rational designed mutagenesis of levansucrase from Bacillus licheniformis 8-37-0-1 for product specificity study.

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Levansucrases, which belong to the glycoside hydrolase family 68 (GH68), synthesize β (2-6)-linked fructan levan with sucrose as substrate. We described the use of a levansucrase (Bl_SacB) from Bacillus licheniformis 8-37-0-1 for catalysis of fructosyl transfer to obtain high levan yield previously.

Genetic analysis of fructan-hyperproducing strains of Streptococcus mutans.

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Fructan polymer, synthesized from sucrose by the extracellular fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans, is thought to contribute to the progression of dental caries. It may serve as an extracellular storage polysaccharide facilitating survival and acid production. It may also have a role in

Extracellular volume in streptococcal model biofilms: effects of pH, calcium and fluoride.

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Diffusion, which limits nutrient penetration and end-product export in biofilms, is restricted by reversible binding and extracellular volume fraction (Ve). Fluoride has been demonstrated to prevent calcium bridging, hence inhibiting calcium-mediated cell association (Rose, Lee and Shellis, Caries

Ovine fetal urine contribution to amniotic and allantoic compartments.

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The ovine pregnancy has been extensively studied as a model for amniotic fluid metabolism potentially serving as a model for human oligohydramnios. However, it is recognized that the ovine pregnancy contains an allantoic fluid compartment not present in human pregnancies at term. Earlier studies in

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