isoquinoline/atrophy

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MPP+ analogs acting on mitochondria and inducing neuro-degeneration.

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This review focuses on the mechanisms of action and the injurious effect of complex I inhibitors, of which 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) is a well studied example. These compounds can be divided into two groups, i.e. competitive inhibitors with respect to ubiquinone, such as piericidine

A novel isoquinoline derivative exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and improves the outcomes of endotoxemia.

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Sepsis initiates an inflammatory response that causes widespread injury, and candidates for related myocardial depressant factors include cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-KB) stimulated by toll-like receptor 4 activation in sepsis mediates the transcription

A novel isoquinoline derivative exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and improves the outcomes of endotoxemia.

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Sepsis initiates an inflammatory response that causes widespread injury, and candidates for related myocardial depressant factors include cytokines and nitric oxide (NO). Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) stimulated by toll-like receptor 4 activation in sepsis mediates the transcription

Preventive effects of the cerebral circulation improver 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-([4-(2-methoxyphenyl)- 1-piperazinyl]methyl)isoquinoline on stroke symptoms in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.

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Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were treated with food admixed, 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4-([4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1- piperazinyl]methyl)isoquinoline (Ro 22-4839), a novel cerebral circulation improver, for a period of 15 weeks starting from 5 weeks of age at an

Pregnancy termination in dogs with novel non-hormonal compounds. Studies of 2-(3-ethoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-s-triazole [5,1-a] isoquinoline (DL 204-IT).

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Pregnancy termination was obtained in both Beagle and mongrel bitches after a single s.c. or i.m. injection of 2-(3-ethoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-s-triazole[5,1-a]isoquinoline (DL 204-IT) dissolved or suspended in an oily vehicle. The activity of the compound was dependent on the dose and time of

Pregnancy terminating activity of a new non-hormonal anti-fertility agent, 2-(3-ethoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-s-triazole [5,1-a] isoquinoline (DL 204-IT) in the rat and the hamster. Studies on the factors affecting its activity.

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The biological and the pharmacokinetic profiles of 2-(3-ethoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydro-s-triazole [5,1-a]isoquinoline (DL 204-IT) were explored in rats and hamsters at different stages of gestation (1st--11th day) after single and multiple (5 days) doses given in different vehicles (oily and aqueous)

The formation of catechol isoquinolines in PC12 cells exposed to manganese.

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Chronic exposure to manganese causes parkinsonian symptoms and has been implicated as an environmental factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that manganese inhibits the proliferation of PC12 cells and induces apoptosis through the formation of catechol isoquinolines.

Isoquinoline alkaloids from Coptis japonica stimulate the myoblast differentiation via p38 MAP-kinase and Akt signaling pathway.

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To overcome the muscle atrophy, such as cachexia and sarcopenia, we tried to find myogenic agents from medicinal plants. From myogenic extract of Coptis japonica, we purified six isoquinoline alkaloids and evaluated their effects on transactivation of myoD and MHC expression in C2C12 cells during

Dopamine transporter: involvement in selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity and degeneration.

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The carrier molecule that transports dopamine (DA) into dopamine neurons by an electrogenic, Na(+)- and Cl(-)-transport-coupled mechanism is known as the dopamine transporter (DAT). This uptake system is exclusively expressed in DA neurons with significantly higher levels of DAT expression in cells

In vivo imaging of microglial activation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET in corticobasal degeneration.

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Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorder of unknown cause that shows considerable clinical heterogeneity. In CBD, activated microglia have been shown to be associated closely with the extensive tau pathology found in the affected basal ganglia, brainstem nuclei,

Neuroinflammation of the nigrostriatal pathway during progressive 6-OHDA dopamine degeneration in rats monitored by immunohistochemistry and PET imaging.

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We investigated the microglial response to progressive dopamine neuron degeneration using in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and postmortem analyses in a Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model induced by unilateral (right side) intrastriatal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).

Elevated interleukin-1β serum level after chronic peripheral salsolinol administration.

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The catechol isoquinoline derivatives are endogenous compounds present in the mammalian brain and the representative one is referred to as salsolinol. It may be formed from aromatic amines leading to neurotoxic N-methyltetrahydroquinolinium ions that may play a role in the etiology of Parkinson's

Effect of Berberine on Cell Survival in the Developing Rat Brain Damaged by MK-801.

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Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from goldenthread, Coptidis Rhizoma and shown to have many biological and pharmacological effects. We previously reported that berberine promotes cell survival and differentiation of neural stem cells. To examine whether berberine has survival promoting

Mitochondrially targeted cytochrome P450 2D6 is involved in monomethylamine-induced neuronal damage in mouse models.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a major human disease associated with degeneration of the central nervous system. Evidence suggests that several endogenously formed 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-mimicking chemicals that are metabolic conversion products, especially β-carbolines and

Amine-related neurotoxins in Parkinson's disease: past, present, and future.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-related movement disorder caused by a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in the striatum of the brain as a result of selective degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons. The molecular basis of the cell death of DA neurons is unknown, but one

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