juniperus communis/afeitrun

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Strategies in herbivory by mammals revisited: the role of liver metabolism in a juniper specialist (Neotoma stephensi) and a generalist (Neotoma albigula).

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Although herbivory is widespread among mammals, few species have adopted a strategy of dietary specialization. Feeding on a single plant species often exposes herbivores to high doses of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), which may exceed the animal's detoxification capacities. Theory predicts that

Differential hepatic gene expression of a dietary specialist (Neotoma stephensi) and generalist (Neotoma albigula) in response to juniper (Juniperus monosperma) ingestion.

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Dietary specialization is thought to be rare in mammalian herbivores because of limitations of their detoxification system in processing large doses of a single type of plant secondary compound (PSC). Therefore, in order to specialize on a single species of plant, mammalian herbivores must have a

Diet breadth of mammalian herbivores: nutrient versus detoxification constraints.

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Two hypotheses, nutrient constraints and detoxification limitation, have been proposed to explain the lack of specialists among mammalian herbivores. The nutrient constraint hypothesis proposes that dietary specialization in mammalian herbivores is rare because no one plant can provide all requisite

Metagenomic sequencing provides insights into microbial detoxification in the guts of small mammalian herbivores (Neotoma spp.).

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Microbial detoxification of plant toxins influences the use of plants as food sources by herbivores. Stephen's woodrats (Neotoma stephensi) specialize on juniper, which is defended by oxalate, phenolics and monoterpenes, while closely related N. albigula specialize on cactus, which only contains

Acute Severe Hyponatremia as a Serious Health Implication of Herbal Detox Regimens.

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Hyponatremia is a serious health problem and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality as a result of osmotically induced cerebral edema if left untreated. Also, inappropriate rapid correction of chronic cases of hyponatremia can lead to osmotic demyelination with neurological impairment and

Woodrat (Neotoma) herbivores maintain nitrogen balance on a low-nitrogen, high-phenolic forage, Juniperus monosperma.

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The acquisition of adequate quantities of nitrogen is a challenge for herbivorous vertebrates because many plants are in low nitrogen and contain secondary metabolites that reduce nitrogen digestibility. To investigate whether herbivores maintain nitrogen balance on plant diets low in nitrogen and

A specialist herbivore (Neotoma stephensi) absorbs fewer plant toxins than does a generalist (Neotoma albigula).

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Detoxification capacity of enzymes in the liver is thought to be the primary factor governing dietary toxin intake by mammalian herbivores. Recently, toxin absorption in the gut was proposed as an alternative process that also influences toxin intake. We examined the role of the gut in regulating

Expression of biotransformation genes in woodrat (Neotoma) herbivores on novel and ancestral diets: identification of candidate genes responsible for dietary shifts.

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The ability of herbivores to switch diets is thought to be governed by biotransformation enzymes. To identify potential biotransformation enzymes, we conducted a large-scale study on the expression of biotransformation enzymes in herbivorous woodrats (Neotoma lepida). We compared gene expression in

The draft genome sequence and annotation of the desert woodrat Neotoma lepida.

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We present the de novo draft genome sequence for a vertebrate mammalian herbivore, the desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida). This species is of ecological and evolutionary interest with respect to ingestion, microbial detoxification and hepatic metabolism of toxic plant secondary compounds from the

Role of cytochrome P450 2B sequence variation and gene copy number in facilitating dietary specialization in mammalian herbivores.

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Theory postulates that dietary specialization in mammalian herbivores is enabled by a specialized set of liver enzymes that process the high concentrations of similar plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in the diets of specialists. To investigate whether qualitative and quantitative differences in

Cytochrome P450 2B diversity and dietary novelty in the herbivorous, desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida).

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Detoxification enzymes play a key role in plant-herbivore interactions, contributing to the on-going evolution of ecosystem functional diversity. Mammalian detoxification systems have been well studied by the medical and pharmacological industries to understand human drug metabolism; however, little

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