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Taurine (Tau), an amino acid that abounds in brain, has been implicated in inhibitory neuromodulation and osmoregulation, the latter function being manifested by Tau release along with osmotically obligated water in response to brain tissue edema. A previous study (Hilgier and Olson: J. Neurochem.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the free radical oxidation of lipids, oxidative modification of protein activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase as well as the end product of nitric oxide - nitrite in the brain mitochondrial fraction of animals with experimentally induced cerebral edema
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity results in cell swelling and contributes to brain edema formation. Since increased extracellular taurine reflects glutamate-induced cell swelling in vitro, elevated CSF taurine could therefore unmask glutamate-mediated cytotoxic edema formation under in vivo
The taurine concentration and uptake in platelets obtained from normal pregnant women and gestosis patients with edema, proteinuria and hypertension (EPH gestosis) were investigated. The taurine concentration in platelets showed a marked increase in severe EPH gestosis compared with normal pregnancy
To elucidate the relationship between the high concentration of taurine in platelets and platelet aggregation in patients with EPH gestosis (gestosis with edema, proteinuria and hypertension), platelet aggregation and the platelet release response (release of ATP and beta-thromboglobulin) were
BACKGROUND
Cerebral edema and delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) are common complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and associated with poor functional outcome. Experimental data suggest that the amino acid taurine is released into the brain extracellular space secondary to
The experimental model of central pontine myelinolysis--chronic (4-day) hyponatremia induced by daily injections of hypotonic dextrose solutions and vasopressin followed by rapid correction with saline--was used in young fasted and thirsted mice. In normal controls chronic fasting and thirsting
Taurine is a cerebral osmoprotective molecule during chronic hypernatremic dehydration. In these experiments, we investigated the role of taurine in osmoregulation during acute hyponatremia. Taurine deficiency was induced in experimental cats (n = 6) by feeding a taurine-free diet for 8-10 wk,
Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is an acute, rare and potentially lethal complication. Its beginning is sudden and dramatic. The mechanism is not yet fully understood. Some authors suggest that it may occur after rapid re-inflation of a collapsed lung. It was reported by other authors that it may
Intact lenses from New Zealand white rabbits were incubated in tissue culture media containing either 5 mM glucose or 5 mM glucose plus 30 mM galactose. The standard media did not contain taurine. Lenses were also cultured in a third medium containing 30 mM galactose plus 0.2 mM taurine. The
Liver and brain are the major organs responsible for taurine synthesis. In both acute and chronic liver failure, brain taurine concentrations are decreased and, since taurine appears to be implicated in K+ and Ca2+ homeostasis in brain, such losses could contribute to the pathophysiology of hepatic
We have investigated if changes in brain dialysate, reflecting alterations in brain extracellular composition, can be detected during the development of vasogenic brain edema. The blood-brain barrier was opened by intracarotid infusion of 5 or 10 mg protamine sulphate. The rats were killed two hours
OBJECTIVE
To determine mechanisms that limit changes in brain water content during acute edema development.
METHODS
A controlled, laboratory investigation of the physiologic and biochemical correlates of osmotic edema was performed in rats. Hypoosmotic hyponatremia was induced by intraperitoneal
Brain edema was induced in adult rats by intraperitoneal injection of distilled water equivalent to 15% of the animal's body weight. Mean +/- SEM serum osmolality fell from 291 +/- 3 mOsm to 253 +/- 4 mOsm during the next hour while cerebral gray matter water content increased from 79.5 +/- 0.2% to
Taurine is the second most abundant free amino acid in the brain where its osmoregulatory function is well established. Taurine-deprived kittens show retinal pathology leading to blindness. In the inner ear, taurine has been reported to be the most abundant free amino acid although its role in inner