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The present study surveys and evaluates the mineral contents of the speciality drinking waters currently available in Germany. A total of 257 producers and 226 reports of water contents have been consulted. The minerals sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium together with the halogens chlorine and
We explore the structure and thermodynamics of water clusters confined in nonpolar cavities. By calculating the grand-canonical partition function term by term, we show that small nonpolar cavities can be filled at equilibrium with highly structured water clusters. The structural and thermodynamic
We use explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations to estimate free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes along the cavity-ligand association coordinate for a set of seven model systems with varying physicochemical properties. Owing to the simplicity of the considered systems we can directly
OBJECTIVE
This was to present a summary of the evidence from systematic reviews of the effectiveness and safety of water fluoridation.
METHODS
A search for relevant systematic reviews was conducted using the terms Fluoridation [Mesh] OR "water fluoridation" OR fluoridation OR (water AND fluoride)
BACKGROUND
Bottled water has become a status symbol and is frequently used in place of tap water. While both waters are considered safe to drink, is either more beneficial in preventing tooth decay and is there a difference in purity?
OBJECTIVE
To determine the fluoride level and bacterial content
People in Lebanon turned to bottle water consumption because of its poor public water quality. In general, fluoride is known as dental caries preventive. A study in 1986 and two other national surveys in 1994 and 2004 showed that the concentration of fluoride in public Lebanese water Water 1H-nuclear-magnetic-relaxation-dispersion (NMRD) measurements of solutions of several copper/zinc superoxide dismutase isoenzymes as well as mutants of the human isoenzyme have been performed in order to monitor the presence of exchangeable water at the copper(II) center. The results have been
In areas lacking public water supplies and where fluoride is not naturally present in the well water, school fluoridation programs have been shown to be effective and safe. Reductions of up to 38.9% in the rate of dental decay have been reported. Higher levels of fluoride are used in the school