Deep Brain Stimulation in a Case of Mitochondrial Disease.

DBS has proven to be an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and primary dystonia. Mixed results have been reported in case series for other hyperkinetic disorders, and sparse data are available regarding secondary movement disorders. We report on the clinical effects of bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS, a progressive mitochondrial cytopathy.A single patient with myoclonus and dystonia syndrome secondary to a mitochondrial cytopathy with history of perinatal hypoxia was identified from our University of Florida DBS database. Demographics, clinical, surgical, and DBS data were documented.At 6 months post-DBS, we observed a 32% (361 to 527) improvement on quality of life (36-item Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey; SF-36). Objective clinical scales revealed a 33% (143 to 96) improvement in the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale (UMRS) total score. The UMRS action myoclonus subsection revealed a 29% (69 to 46) improvement. No significant changes were observed in the Burke-Fahn-Mardsen Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). After 1-year follow-up, a worsening of 59% (527 to 215) was observed in the SF-36 scale, of 19% (28.5 to 35) in the BFMDRS, and of 23% (96 to 124) in the UMRS. However, the frequency and intensity of action myoclonus scores remained lower when compared to baseline scores.Although we observed a loss of benefit in the long term for most quality-of-life and clinical outcomes, the DBS effects on action myoclonus seemed to remain stable. Longer follow-up studies are necessary to confirm our short-term and unblinded findings.