Effect of long-term storage on phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and protein profiles of Calicotome villosa subsp. intermedia seeds.

Phytochemicals from Calicotome villosa seeds were evaluated during long-term storage. Total phenols were affected during storage, ranging from 34.6 (5-years-aged seeds) to 45.1 mg GAE/g DW (16-years-aged seeds). Flavonoids increased with the storage period varying from 21.4 (seeds collected at 2013) to 34.1 mg QRE/g DW (seeds collected at 2002). The total condensed tannins were low for all storage periods and the highest value was registered for 16-years-aged seeds (0.15 ± 0.01CTE/g DW). LC-ESI/MS analysis showed five phenolic acids and 11 flavonoids, which remained steady during the long-term storage. High-maintained storage protein content (50.2% DW) occurred in C. villosa seeds even under long-term storage (up to 16 years). Globulins were the major proteins (47.6% of total proteins). All these findings made C. villosa a source of natural antioxidants with high industrial value and could be used as a potential food source. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this research paper, we have evaluated and discussed the effect of long storage duration (5, 10, 13, and 16 years) on phenolic contents, antioxidant potential, and protein profiles of C. villosa seeds. The total phenolic content determined was not affected by storage duration, while the values of flavonoid content were enhanced. The storage length significantly increased the total condensed tannin content. However, the phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds remained stable. Moreover, high-maintained storage protein content (globulins, albumins, glutelins, and globulin) occurs in C. villosa seeds even under long-term storage. The obtained results showed that the quality of the seeds was not negatively affected by long storage duration. C. villosa seeds show the prospective potential applications in the food industry.