Journal of Thoracic Disease 2019-Apr
Effects of glycyrrhizin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model.
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Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious clinical disease entities characterized by inflammatory pulmonary edema, which lead to acute hypoxic respiratory failure through various etiologies. According to the studies to date, ALI/ARDS has been recognized as a form of multiorgan failure related to overactive immune response, and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines released from activated inflammatory cells are considered to play a key role in the development of ALI. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is an extractive component derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), which has recently been reported to have various pharmacological effects like anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepato-protective, and anti-viral activities. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect of GL in ALI is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic effects of GL on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in a mouse model and to elucidate explicable mechanisms involved.Results
Compared to the LPS group, GL significantly decreased protein content, inflammatory cell counts, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, MPO activity, and expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB in the LPS + GL group. GL attenuated migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells, showing a marked decrease in CD 11b-positive cells (26.77%±0.83% vs. 41.77%±0.81% vs. 23.23%±1.92%, P<0.05) as well as CXCR4-/CXCR1-positive cells (CXCR4: 37.23%±1.00% vs. 59.37%±2.37% vs. 47.45%±4.36%; CXCR1: 32.10%±1.56% vs. 47.03%±1.99% vs. 21.70%±6.50%; all P<0.05) in the control, LPS, and LPS + GL groups. Additionally, immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) was inhibited by GL.