A GC-MS method validation for quantitative investigation of some chemical markers in Salvia hypargeia Fisch. & C.A. Mey. of Turkey: Enzyme inhibitory potential of ferruginol

In the present study, a GC-MS method used for quantitative screening of 26 compounds (sclareolide, sclareol, ferruginol, cryptanol, 6,7-dehydroroyleanone, suginal, 9,10-dihydro-7,8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl) phenanthren-3-ol, sugiol, inuroyleanone, 12-demethylmulticauline, 7α-hydroxy-β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, salvigenin, sinensetin, α-amyrin, lupeol, lupenone, 3-acetyl lupeol, 1α,21α-dihydroxy-2,3-(1'1'-dimethyl-dioxymethylene) urs-9(11),12-dien, uvaol, betulin, pyxinol, lup-(20),29-ene-2α-hydroxy-3β-acetate, betulin 3β, 28β-diacetate, 21α-hydroxy,2α,3β-diacetoxy urs-9(11),12-dien) specific to Turkish Salvia species was developed and validated. According to the GC-MS analysis results, Salvia hypargeia Fisch. & C.A. Mey. roots were found to be rich in ferruginol (30787.97 µg/g extract) and lupenone (23276.21 µg/g extract), and leaves in lupeol (20625.92 µg/g extract). Additionally, the essential oil and aroma contents of this species were identified by GC-MS technique. According to the LC-MS/MS results, especially S. hypargeia leaf extract was rich in rosmarinic acid (38035.7 µg/g extract) and isoquercitrin (4136.91 µg/g extract). Furthermore, anticholinesterase, antiurease, antityrosinase and antielastase inhibitory, antioxidant, cytotoxic activities of the ethanol extracts, essential oil, and major components of the species were evaluated. Antioxidant potentials of all extracts of this species were quite high in all studied antioxidant methods. Moreover, butyrylcholinesterase and elastase inhibitory capacities of ferruginol, the major component of S. hypargeia roots, were notable. For these reasons, this species has a high potential for food and pharmaceutical industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This new GC-MS method was applied to S. hypargeia Fisch. & C.A. Mey. and it indicated that this species possessed high amount of ferruginol and lupeol, and that this species could be used for their natural sources. According to the results of the activity studies (antioxidant, anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, elastase, and cytotoxic), this method was used to exhibit which compound may be responsible for the activities. This developed and validated method could be easily applied to determine major/active/toxic secondary metabolites of Salvia species which are used and/or could be used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.

Keywords: Salvia hypargeia; GC-MS method validation; LC-MS/MS; essential oil; ferruginol; terpenoid.