the patients received 2g of intravenous Ascorbic acid at the night before surgery, during the surgery and five days after surgery.

the patients received 10ml saline at the night before surgery, during the surgery and five days after surgery.

Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

Patients in Ascorbic acid group received 2g of intravenous Ascorbic acid at the night before surgery, during the surgery and five days after surgery (once a day).

Ascorbic Acid

Patients in Control Comparator group received saline 10ml at the night before surgery, during the surgery and five days after surgery (once a day).

Saline

The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University

Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Effect of Perioperative Application of Ascorbic Acid on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Use the postoperative pulmonary complications score to record the severity. scored ranging from 0 to 5.Scored the severity once a day, record the highest score.

incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications during hospital stay

all patients transfer to ICU after surgery

length of extubation time,length of wake time

Oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) in millimeter mercury column.

alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (A-aDO2)

Plateau pressure in centimeter water column

Peak airway pressure in centimeter water column

positive end expiratory pressure in centimeter water column

lung compliance in Milliliter/ centimeter water column

record the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications after hospital discharged.

Individual Participant Data(IPD) will be available when this trial is finished and the article have been published

Jin Dong Liu

Principal Investigator

Xuzhou Medical University

The enrolled subjects will then be randomized into two groups. Study Group: will take a supplementation pill containing 5 g L-arginine (0.5g/ pill, GNC, USA) All the food intake of the subjects during the 4 weeks of the study will be recorded and supervised by responsible dietitians.

The enrolled subjects will then be randomized into two groups. Control group: will take a supplementation pill containing 5 g whey protein (5g/ pack, Santosa,Taiwan).
All the food intake of the subjects during the 4 weeks of the study will be recorded and supervised by responsible dietitians.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Infection

The enrolled subjects will then be randomized into two groups. The subjects will receive either L-arginine (the study group) or another amino acid supplement (the control group), with 60 patients in each group. All the food intake of the subjects during the 4 weeks of the study will be recorded and supervised by responsible dietitians.

L-arginine supplements and nutritional supports

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital

Metabolomics and Wound Healing in Diabetes

Metabolomics and Wound Healing in Diabetes―Mechanisms and Clinical Value of Arginine Supplement in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Wound assessment was recorded using the PEDIS system

Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan

conventional treatment (corticosteroids, mechanical ventilation)

Acute Respiratory Distress

vitamin c

Embaba Chest Hospitals

the Effect of High Dose Ascorbic Acid on Critically Ill Patients With ARDS

The Impact of High Dose Vitamin C "Ascorbic Acid" on the Clinical Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Nada Hazem Farrag

Assistant Lecturer

Misr International University

Subjects will receive L-NMMA, ketorolac, then ascorbic acid via intravenous catheter. L-NMMA will have a 3 mg kg-1 loading dose over 5-minutes (36 mg kg-1 hr-1), followed by a maintenance dose of 1 mg kg-1 hr-1. Ketorolac will have a 0.3 mg kg-1 loading dose over 5 minutes (3.6 mg kg-1 hr-1) with a minimum loading dose of 15 mg. This will be followed by a maintenance dose of 0.03 mg kg-1 hr-1. Ascorbic acid will have a loading dose of 0.035 g kg fat-free mass-1 over 5-minutes (0.42 g kg fat-free mass-1 hr-1), followed by a maintenance dose of 0.060 g kg fat-free mass-1 hr-1. Cerebral blood flow velocity will be measured throughout the drug infusions via transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

Subjects will receive ketorolac, L-NMMA, then ascorbic acid via intravenous catheter.
Ketorolac will have a 0.3 mg kg-1 loading dose over 5 minutes (3.6 mg kg-1 hr-1) with a minimum loading dose of 15 mg. This will be followed by a maintenance dose of 0.03 mg kg-1 hr-1. L-NMMA will have a 3 mg kg-1 loading dose over 5-minutes (36 mg kg-1 hr-1), followed by a maintenance dose of 1 mg kg-1 hr-1. Ascorbic acid will have a loading dose of 0.035 g kg fat-free mass-1 over 5-minutes (0.42 g kg fat-free mass-1 hr-1), followed by a maintenance dose of 0.060 g kg fat-free mass-1 hr-1. Cerebral blood flow velocity will be measured throughout the drug infusions via transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

Hypoxia

Hypercapnia

L-NMMA

Ketorolac

Two intravenous catheters will be placed for each study visit. One catheter will be used for the intravenous infusion of study drugs (L-NMMA, Ketorolac, and Ascorbic Acid). The second catheter will be used to draw intermittent blood samples at 8-specific time points throughout each study visit to ensure pharmaceutical efficacy and examine systemic physiologic blood variables of interest.

Intravenous Catheter

MCAv will be measured via the transtemporal window while BAv will be measured through the transforaminal window with 2-MHz transcranial Doppler ultrasound probes (TCD, Neurovision model 500M, Multigon Industries, Inc.; Yonkers, NY, USA)

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Impact of NOS, COX, and ROS Inhibition on Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation

Contributions of Nitric Oxide Synthase, Cyclooxygenase, and Reactive Oxygen Species to Regional Cerebrovascular Control During Hypoxia and Hypercapnia

How cerebral blood flow velocity changes during hypoxia or hypercapnia with COX, NOS, and ROS inhibition in the middle cerebral artery as measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

How cerebral blood flow velocity changes during hypoxia or hypercapnia with COX, NOS, and ROS inhibition in the basilar artery as measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

Patients will receive 67 mg/kg IV ascorbic acid in 100 ml normal saline over 30 minutes every 8 hours (200 mg/kg/day) for 72 hours.

The placebo group will receive 100 ml 0.9% NaCl over 30 minutes every 8 hours for 72 hours.

ascorbic/hypoxia

Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Metabolomics and Wound Healing in Diabetes

the Effect of High Dose Ascorbic Acid on Critically Ill Patients With ARDS

Impact of NOS, COX, and ROS Inhibition on Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation

High Dose Intravenous Ascorbic Acid in Severe Sepsis

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