Healthy term (> 37 weeks of gestation) newborns of women with pregestational body mass index (BMI) ≥18,5 and <24,9 in the first prenatal visit.

Newborns of women with pregestational BMI ≥30 that received 200 mg/dayDHA supplementation.

Newborns from women with pregestational BMI ≥30 that received 800 mg/day DHA supplementation.

Maternal blood (plasma & serum) Umbilical cord blood (plasma, serum and cord blood mononuclear cells) Placental tissue (biopsies and IHQ) Infant blood samples at 4 months (plasma & serum)

Body Composition

Obesity

Women received supplementation of Based on Schizochytrium oil, 100% DHA (DSM) from 14 weeks of pregnancy until delivery.

Red Salud UC Christus Hospital

Fetal Programming of Immune Response and Body Fat by Maternal Obesity

Fetal Programming of Inflammatory Responses and Body Fat by Maternal Obesity: Role of DHA in the Modulation of Epigenetic Markers of Obesity and Metabolic Disease.

Percentage of body fat obtained by skinfold measures and calculated using Catalano et al (1996) formula.

Percentage and fat mass obtained by Air Displacement Plethysmography (PEA POD)

Analyze differentially methylated sites in DNA obtained from neonatal monocytes (3 groups)

In vitro antiinflammatory DHA effect on neonatal monocytes

Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile

Ephedrine 20 mg + Caffeine 200 mg capsule t.i.d. for one month plus hypocaloric diet

Similarly-looking placebo capsule t.i.d. for one month plus hypocaloric diet

Patients are randomised to 30-day treatment with either EC (200/20mg t.i.d.) or placebo. The EC administration starts with an initial dose of 100/10 mg t.i.d. for the first week and then proceeds with the full dose of 200/20 mg t.i.d. Patients are hospitalised during the whole treatment period, at the metabolic unit of San Giuseppe Hospital-Istituto Auxologico Italiano at Piancavallo (VB, Italy). During the treatment period all patients are fed a hypocaloric diet (total energy content of ~70% of energy expenditure, as measured by indirect calorimetry), and containing 20% proteins, 55% carbohydrates, 25% fat half of which was monounsaturated, and 35 g/day fibres.

Caffeine

Placebo

Ephedrine

Hypocaloric diet

Istituto Auxologico Italiano -Ospedale San Giuseppe

Effect on Energy Metabolism at Cellular Level of Diet Plus Treatment With Ephedrine and Caffeine in Obesity

Evaluation of Diet and Treatment With a Combination of Ephedrine and Caffeine on Thermogenesis, Cardiac Function and on Uncoupling Proteins Expression in Adipose and Muscle Tissue of Morbid Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery.

Resting energy expenditure is measured by indirect calorimetry

Cardiac ultrasound measurement for assessing possible detrimental changes

Patients are assessed by oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and following one month of treatment, with assessment of glucose, insulin, free-fatty acids and glycerol

Beta-3 adrenoceptor expression is measured in subcutaneous and omental tissue sampled during bariatric surgery following one month of pharmacological intervention

UCP-3 expression is measured in rectus abdominis muscle tissue sampled during bariatric surgery following one month of pharmacological intervention

Istituto Auxologico Italiano

University of Milan

Università Politecnica delle Marche

children with EIB and asthma
History, physical, LF, SPT, blood sample, FeNO, EBC

children with EIB without asthma
History, physical, LF, SPT, blood sample, FeNO, EBC

children without EIB and asthma
History, physical, LF, SPT, blood sample, FeNO, EBC

children without EIB without asthma
History, physical, LF, SPT, blood sample, FeNO, EBC

- exhaled breath condensate sample - blood sample (5 ml sample): tryptase, lipoxin A4 serum levels - blood sample also will be taken before and after challenge together with exhaled breath condensate sample in order to detect markers of inflammation (such as IL-1a, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, MCP1, TLR2, MIP1a, PDGFBB, TIMP2, TNFalfa, CRP, TGF-b1, TSLP- ELISA and cysteinyl leukotrienes, LTB4, PGE2-HPLC/mass spectrometry).

Asthma

Medical history and physical examination, (LF) lung function (spirometry, (SETC) standardized exercise treadmill challenge, (BRT) bronchial reversibility test,(MBP) metacholine bronchial provocation), (SPT) skin prick tests, blood sample, (FeNO) fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements, (EBC) exhaled breath condensate.

History, physical, LF, SPT, blood sample, FeNO, EBC.

Department of Pediatrics and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, N. Copernicus Hospital

Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction in School Children

Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction in School Children - Prevalence, Environmental/Individual Risk Factors and Its Mechanism

- prevalence and inflammatory background of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in school children, individual and environmental risk factors for EIB: Medical history and physical examination, (LF) lung function (spirometry, (SETC) standardized exercise treadmill challenge, (BRT) bronchial reversibility test,(MBP) metacholine bronchial provocation), (SPT) skin prick tests, blood sample, (FeNO) fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements, (EBC) exhaled breath condensate.

Iwona Stelmach

MD, PhD, Prof.

Medical Universtity of Lodz

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Chromium Picolinate (600 mcg Cr+3) + biotin (2 mg)

Radiant Research Chicago

A 30 Day Acute Efficacy and Safety Study of Chromium Picolinate + Biotin on Glycemic Control in Overweight or Obese Subjects With T2DM

"A Randomized, Double Blinded, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Arm, Study to Evaluate the Improvement in Glycemic Control After Daily Administration of Chromium Picolinate and Biotin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"

biotin/obesità

Fetal Programming of Immune Response and Body Fat by Maternal Obesity

Effect on Energy Metabolism at Cellular Level of Diet Plus Treatment With Ephedrine and Caffeine in Obesity

Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction in School Children

A 30 Day Acute Efficacy and Safety Study of Chromium Picolinate + Biotin on Glycemic Control in Overweight or Obese Subjects With T2DM

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