epicatechin/hypoxia

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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activation by (-)-epicatechin gallate: potential adverse effects of cancer chemoprevention with high-dose green tea extracts.

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Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that induces oxygen-regulated genes in response to reduced oxygen conditions (hypoxia). Expression of the oxygen-regulated HIF-1alpha subunit correlates positively with advanced disease stages and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Green

Nox4 contributes to the hypoxia-mediated regulation of actin cytoskeleton in cerebrovascular smooth muscle.

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Ischemia/reperfusion and the resulting oxidative/nitrative stress impair cerebral myogenic tone via actin depolymerization. While it is known that NADPH oxidase (Nox) family is a major source of vascular oxidative stress; the extent and mechanisms by which Nox activation contributes to actin

Glucose up-regulates HIF-1 alpha expression in primary cortical neurons in response to hypoxia through maintaining cellular redox status.

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It has been suggested that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key regulator in cell's adaptation to hypoxia, plays an important role in the fate of neurons during ischemia. However, the mechanism of HIF-1 regulation is still not fully understood in neurons subjected to ischemia. In this study, we

Acute cocoa flavanols intake improves cerebral hemodynamics while maintaining brain activity and cognitive performance in moderate hypoxia.

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BACKGROUND Acute cocoa flavanols (CF) intake has been suggested to modulate cognitive function and neurovascular coupling (NVC). Whether increased NVC is solely driven by improved vascular responsiveness or also by neuronal activity remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of acute CF

(‑)‑Epicatechin protects against myocardial ischemia‑induced cardiac injury via activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.

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Flavonol (‑)‑epicatechin (EPI) is primarily contained in green tea (Camellia sinensis) and cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao), and has been demonstrated to be beneficial for the health of the cardiovascular system. However, the effect and the underlying mechanism of EPI on myocardial ischemia induced

Metformin treatment in the period after stroke prevents nitrative stress and restores angiogenic signaling in the brain in diabetes.

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Diabetes impedes vascular repair and causes vasoregression in the brain after stroke, but mechanisms underlying this response are still unclear. We hypothesized that excess peroxynitrite formation in diabetic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury inactivates the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase

Peroxynitrite mediates VEGF's angiogenic signal and function via a nitration-independent mechanism in endothelial cells.

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The modulation of angiogenic signaling by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an emerging area of interest in cellular and vascular biology research. We provide evidence here that peroxynitrite, the powerful oxidizing and nitrating free radical, is critically involved in transduction of the VEGF

Protective effects of Wen-Pi-Tang against cultured renal epithelial cellular injury.

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A study was conducted to clarify whether extracts of Wen-Pi-Tang and its component crude drugs ameliorate renal cellular injury by assaying lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde leakage from LLC-PK(1) cells in culture. The cells were cultured with various concentrations of the samples under two

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