Student that have presentation given ascorbic acid ( 500 mg per day) for one week before presentation .

ascorbic acid like placebo for one week before presentation

Stress, Psychological

Study Group :- ascorbic acid ( 500 mg per day) for one week before presentation

ascorbic acid

:- included 30 students given placebo for one week before presentation.

placebo

Kufa University

Effect of Low Doses of Vitamin C on Salivary Cortisol , Heart Rate , Blood Pressure During Group Presentation

levels of cortisol in saliva between 3-19 microg/l

Ali A. Al-fahham

Assistance Professor

Experimental randomized placebo trial study approach was designed to meet the previously mentioned objectives of the current study. The period of the study is from 1st November 2018 to 20th April 2019. A random sample of (90) students was taken in this study .

Diet modification - nortriptyline and then if necessary topiramate

Diet Modification topiramate and then nortriptyline if necessary

Migraine Disorders

The nortriptyline will be given in an escalating fashion, starting at 25 mg PO qhs for 2 weeks, followed by 50 mg PO qhs for 2 weeks, and finally 75 mg PO qhs. Patients will be encouraged to use the lowest effective dose and to self-titrate their medication.

nortriptyline

Topiramate dosing will be 25 mg PO qhs for 1 week, followed by 25 mg BID for 1 week, followed by 25 mg in the morning and 50 mg qhs for 1 week, and finally 50 mg BID

Topiramate

Saint Louis University

Trial of Nortriptyline and Topiramate in the Initial Treatment of Vestibular Migraine

A Prospective Randomized Cross-over Trial of Nortryptyline and Topiramate in the Initial Treatment of Vestibular Migraine.

Changes in Migraine Specific Quality of LIfe (MSQ) and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) between groups

Anthony A. Mikulec, MD

Associate Professor

St. Louis University

Active Risedronate + Placebo Teriparatide for 18 months / Active Risedronate for 6 months

Active Risedronate + Active Teriparatide for 18 months / Active Risedronate for 6 months

Placebo Risedronate Active Teriparatide for 18 months / Active Risedronate for 6 months

Active Risedronate Active Teriparatide
Risedronic acid & teriparatide : weekly risedronate daily teriparatide

Active Risedronate Active Teriparatide

Active Risedronte Placebo Teriparatide
Risedronic acid : weekly risedronate daily teriparatide (placebo)

Active Risedronte Placebo Teriparatide

Placebo Risedronate Active Teriparatide for 18 months Active Risedronate for 6 months
Teriparatide : weekly risedronate (placebo) 18 months daily teriparatide 18 months weekly risedronate 6 months

Placebo Risedronate Active Teriparatide, Active Risedronate

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Region of Enrollment

change in spine bone density at 18 months measured by DXA 18 and 24 months

Placebo Risedronate Active Teriparatide

Change in Spine Bone Density

change in hip bone density measured by DXA

Change in Hip Bone Density

change in 1/3 radius of forearm bone density as measured by DXA

Change in Forearm Bone Density

counting the total new morphometric vertebral fractures as determined by x-ray from baseline through end of study

New Morphometric Vertebral Fractures

Change in the Femoral Neck BMD at 18 month

Change in FN BMD at 18 Months

Active Risedronate + Active Teriparatide

Active Risedronte + Placebo Teriparatide

Placebo Risedronate + Active Teriparatide, Active Risedronate

Overall Study

Marcella Walker MD

Osteoporosis

Risedronate

Teriparatide

Placebo Teriparatide

placebo Risedronate

Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion

Combination Risedronate - Parathyroid Hormone Trial in Male Osteoporosis

Marcella Walker

Irving Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine

Columbia University

Alliance for Better Bone Health

Subjects are randomized to have the second bone biopsy done 1,2, or 4 years after the start of PTH.

Cohort 1 was treated with HPTH therapy on original protocol. Cohort 1 participants who consented to the new protocol and were treated with HPTH on the new protocol were followed for safety outcomes only. The Safety population of Cohort 1 consisted of 7 participants.

Cohort 1 (HPTH on Old Study) and Received HPTH on New Study

Cohort 2 consists of participants previously treated with conventional care (CC) throughout the original protocol. Cohort 2 participants who received at least one dose of HPTH on the new protocol were included in safety population. Cohort 2 safety population includes 5 participants.

Cohort 2 (CC on Old Study) and Treated With HPTH on New Study

Cohort 3 consists of new participants (i.e. not previously enrolled) that consented to the revised protocol. The Cohort 3 safety population includes 19 subjects who received any HPTH on the new study.

Cohort 3 (Newly Enrolled) and Treated With HPTH on New Study

Age, Customized

Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)

Race (NIH/OMB)

Weight

Height

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, so the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Cn.BV/TV is one of 8 primary endpoints measured from the bone biopsy. The changes in Cn.BV/TV outcome between two time-points are being reported. The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes.

Cohort 2 consists of participants previously treated with conventional care (CC) throughout the original protocol. Cohort 3 consisted of all new participants. Efficacy outcomes were only analyzed for Cohorts 2 and 3. (Cohort 1 consisted of previously enrolled participants who were on HPTH therapy on the original protocol and continued on HPTH on the new study as a separate group. These participants were not randomized to a bone biopsy year, nor did they have additional biopsies performed. Cohort 1 participants were followed for safety outcomes only. )

Cohorts 2 (CC on Old Study) and 3 (Newly Enrolled) Combined

Change in Bone Biopsy Cancellous Bone Volume (Cn.BV/TV)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, so the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ct.Po.N is a bone biopsy measure that assess the amount of holes in the cortical bone within a predetermined area of cortical bone. The changes in Cn.BV/TV outcome between two time-points are being reported. Cortical bone with a higher number of holes may be at greater risk of fracture. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Cohort 2 consists of participants previously treated with conventional care (CC) throughout the original protocol. Cohort 3 consisted of all new participants. Efficacy outcomes were only analyzed for Cohorts 2 and 3. (Cohort 1 consisted of previously enrolled participants who were on HPTH therapy on the original protocol and continued on HPTH on the new study as a separate group. These participants were not randomized to a bone biopsy year, nor did they have additional biopsies performed. Cohort 1 participants were followed for safety outcomes only.)

Change in Total Number of Cortical Pores Per mm^2 (Ct.Po.N)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Cn.BFR/BS, measured from the bone biopsy, is the cancellous bone formation rate per unit of bone surface where cancellous refers to the spongy structure of the bone. The changes in Cn.BFR/BS between two time-points are being reported. The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes.

Change in Cancellous Bone Formation Rate Per Unit of Bone Surface (Cn.BFR/BS)

Following their baseline bone biopsy, 5, 5, and 2 participants were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at years 1, 2, and 4 after the start of HPTH therapy, respectively. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced in size due to withdrawal and the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Cn.MS/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure demonstrates the percentage of the cancellous bone surface that is actively forming bone. The region of interest is the predefined area of total bone that is being measured. The changes in Cn.MS/BS between two time-points are being reported.

Cohort 1 consisted of previously enrolled participants who were on HPTH therapy, were re-consented, and allowed to continue on the current study as a separate group. These participants were not randomized to a bone biopsy year, nor did they have additional biopsies performed. Cohort 1 participants were followed for safety outcomes only. Cohort 2 were previously enrolled participants on conventional care, were re-consented, re-enrolled, and randomized to a biopsy year. Cohort 3 consisted of all new participants consent, enrolled and randomized to a biopsy year. Efficacy outcomes were only analyzed for Cohorts 2 and 3 combined.

Cohorts 2 and 3 Combined

Change in Cancellous Mineralizing Surface (Bone Surface Based)(Cn.MS/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. However, because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ec.BFR/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the rate of new bone formation per day on the inner cortical (endocortical) surface in a predefined region of cortical bone. The changes in Ec.BFR/BS between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. The randomization to a biopsy year provided the opportunity to compare the effects of PTH across-time, in a cross-sectional manner. However, because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group.

Change in Endocortical Bone Formation Rate Per Unit of Bone Surface (Ec.BFR/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ec.MS/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure demonstrates the percentage of the endocortical bone surface that is actively forming bone. The region of interest is the predefined area of total bone that is being measured. The changes in Ec.MS/BS between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Endocortical Mineralizing Surface (Bone Surface Based) (Ec.MS/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. However, because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ic.BFR/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the rate of new bone formation between the two cortical surfaces (intracortical) in a predefined region of cortical bone. The changes in Ic.BFR/BS between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Intracortical Bone Formation Rate Per Unit of Bone Surface (Ic.BFR/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ic.MS/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure demonstrates the percentage of the intracortical bone surface that is actively forming bone. The region of interest is the predefined area of total bone that is being measured. The changes in Ic.MS/BS between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Intracortical Mineralizing Surface (Bone Surface Based) (Ic.MS/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Tb.Th is measured from the bone biopsy. Tb.Th is the mean thickness of trabeculae, assessed using direct 3D methods. The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes. The changes in Tb.Th between two time-points are being reported.

Change in Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Th)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Tb.N is measured from the bone biopsy. Tb.N is the measure of the average number of trabeculae per unit length. The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes. The changes in Tb.N between two time-points are being reported.

Change in Trabecular Number (Tb.N)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Tb.Sp is measured from the bone biopsy. Tb.Sp is the mean distance between trabeculae, assessed using direct 3D methods. The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes. The changes in Tb.Sp between two time-points are being reported.

Change in Trabecular Separation (Tb.Sp)

Participants (Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ct.Th, measured from the bone biopsy, is the average thickness of the inner and outer cortices. The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes. The changes in Ct.Th between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Average Thickness of Inner and Outer Cortices (Ct.Th)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ct.AR is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure defines the area of the outer cortex and inner cortex within a predefined section of cortical bone. The changes in Ct.Ar between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Total Area of Inner and Outer Cortices (Ct.Ar)

Following their baseline bone biopsy, 5, 5, and 2 participants were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at years 1, 2, and 4 after the start of HPTH therapy, respectively. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced in size due to withdrawal and the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ct.Po.Ar is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure defines the area of the cortical bone with holes within a predefined section of cortical bone. The changes in Tb.Sp between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Total Area of Cortical Porosity (Ct.Po.Ar)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Cn.O.Th measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the thickness of the unmineralized bone (osteoid) in a predefined region of cancellous bone. The changes in Cn.O.Th between two time-points are being reported.

Change in Cancellous Osteoid Thickness (Cn.O.Th)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Cn.MAR is measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the rate mineral is being laid down per day in a predefined region of the cancellous bone. The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes. The changes in Cn.MAR between two time-points are being reported.

Change in Cancellous Bone Mineral Apposition Rate (Cn.MAR)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Cn.OS/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure demonstrates the percentage of the cancellous bone surface that contains unmineralized bone (osteoid). The region of interest is the predefined area of total bone that is being measured. The changes in Cn.OS/BS between two time-points are being reported.

Change in Cancellous Osteoid Surface / Bone Surface (Cn.OS/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Cn.ES/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure demonstrates the percentage of the cancellous bone surface that contains unmineralized bone (osteoid). The region of interest is the predefined area of total bone that is being measured. The changes in Cn.ES/BS between two time-points are being reported.

Change in Cancellous Eroded Surface / Bone Surface (Cn.ES/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Cn.AjAR is measured from the bone biopsy. Cn.AjAR represents the Cn.MAR averaged over the entire osteoid surface.The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes. The changes in Cn.AjAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Cancellous Adjusted Apposition Rate (Cn.AjAR)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ec.O.Th is measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the thickness of the unmineralized bone (osteoid) on the inner side of the cortex(endocortical). The changes in Cn.AjAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Endocortical Osteoid Thickness (Ec.O.Th)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose.Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ec.MAR is measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the rate mineral is being laid down per day on the inner cortical (endocortical) surface in a predefined region of cortical bone. The changes in Ec.MAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Endocortical Bone Mineral Apposition Rate (Ec.MAR)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ec.OS/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the rate mineral is being laid down per day on the inner cortical (endocortical) surface in a predefined region of cortical bone. The changes in Ec.OS/BS between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Endocortical Osteoid Surface / Bone Surface (Ec.OS/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4- year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ec.ES/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure demonstrates the percentage of the endocortical bone surface that is resorbed (eroded). The region of interest is the predefined area of total bone that is being measured. The changes in Ec.ES/BS between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Endocortical Eroded Surface / Bone Surface (Ec.ES/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ec.AjAR is measured from the bone biopsy. Ec.AjAR represents the endocortical mineral apposition rate (Ec.MAR) averaged over the entire osteoid surface. This is another histomorphometric way to evaluate the rate at which bone is laid down on the inner cortical surface per day. The changes in Ec.AjAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Endocortical Adjusted Apposition Rate (Ec.AjAR)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ic.O.Th is one of 21 secondary endpoints measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the thickness of the unmineralized bone (osteoid) within the middle of the cortex (intracortical). The changes in Ic.O.Th between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Intracortical Osteoid Thickness (Ic.O.Th)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ic.MAR is measured from the bone biopsy. This measures the rate mineral is being laid down per day within the middle of the cortex (intracortical) surface in a predefined region of cortical bone. The changes in Ic.MAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Intracortical Bone Mineral Apposition Rate (Ic.MAR)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ic.OS/BS measured from the bone biopsy. This measure demonstrates the percentage of the intracortical bone surface that is not mineralized (osteoid). The region of interest is the predefined area of total bone that is being measured. The changes in OS/BS between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Intracortical Osteoid Surface / Bone Surface (Ic.OS/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ic.ES/BS is measured from the bone biopsy. This measure demonstrates the percentage of bone surface within the middle of the cortex that is resorbed (eroded). The region of interest is the predefined area of total bone that is being measured. The changes in Ic.ES/BS between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Intracortical Eroded Surface / Bone Surface (Ic.ES/BS)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. Ic.AjAR is one of 21 secondary endpoints measured from the bone biopsy. Ic.AjAR represents the intracortical mineral apposition rate (Ic.MAR) averaged over the the entire osteoid surface. This is another histomorphometric way to evaluate the rate at which bone is laid down within the middle of the cortex per day. The changes in Ic.AjAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline values)

Change in Intracortical Adjusted Apposition Rate (Ic.AjAR)

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. The Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium Mean is a measure of mean bone calcium content of the bone cortex 1 based on the mineralization density distribution (BMDD) from the back-scattered electron imaging scan of the bone biopsies. The changes in Ic.MAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium Mean From the Back-Scattered Electron Imaging of Bone-Biopsies

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. The Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium Peak is a measure of the most frequent calcium content of the bone cortex 1 based on the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) from the back-scattered electron imaging scan of the bone biopsies. The changes in Ic.MAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium Peak From the Back-Scattered Electron Imaging of Bone-Biopsies

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. The Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium Low is a measure of the area of low bone cortex 1 mineralization based on the mineralization density distribution (BMDD) from the back-scattered electron imaging scan of the bone biopsies. The changes in Ic.MAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium Width From the Back-Scattered Electron Imaging of Bone-Biopsies

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. The Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium Low is a measure of the area of low bone cortex 1 mineralization based on the mineralization density distribution (BMDD) from the back-scattered electron imaging scan of the bone biopsies. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium Low From the Back-Scattered Electron Imaging of Bone-Biopsies

Participants (in Cohorts 2 and 3) were randomized to receive their second bone biopsy at year 1, 2, or 4 after the start of HPTH therapy. For Cohort 2, the baseline bone biopsy was completed at the start of CC on the original protocol. For Cohort 3, the baseline biopsy was completed immediately prior to the first HPTH dose. Because the sample sizes for the 1-, 2- and 4-year biopsies are reduced due to the early termination of the study, the 2-, and 4-year biopsies were collapsed into one biopsy year group. The Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium High is a measure of the area of high bone cortex 1 mineralization based on the mineralization density distribution (BMDD) from the back-scattered electron imaging scan of the bone biopsies. The changes in Ic.MAR between two time-points are being reported. The n's in the outcome measure table refer to the number of complete records (non-missing baseline and post-baseline measures).

Change in Cortex 1 Spectral Calcium High From the Back-Scattered Electron Imaging of Bone-Biopsies

The DXA BMD measures were assessed every 6 months over 5 years, and at a follow-up visit post-HPTH therapy. Due to varying lengths of time on each participant was on HPTH, these BMD assessment times were collapsed for purposes of analysis to: baseline, 6-month on HPTH therapy, last visit on HPTH therapy, and the post-HPTH follow-up visit The 1/3 Radius BMD is one of 6 bone regions measurements of bone mineralization density assessed by DXA.

Raw 1/3 Radius Bone Mineralization Density (BMD) Assessed by DXA.

The DXA BMD were assessed every 6 months over 5 years, and at a follow-up visit post-HPTH therapy. Due to varying lengths of time on each participant was on HPTH, these BMD assessment times were collapsed for purposes of analysis to: baseline, 6-month on HPTH therapy, last visit on HPTH therapy, and the post-HPTH follow-up visit. The AP Spine BMD is one of 6 bone regions measurements of bone mineralization density assessed by DXA.

Raw AP Spine Bone Mineralization Density (BMD) Assessed by DXA

The DXA BMD measures were assessed every 6 months over 5 years, and at a follow-up visit post-HPTH therapy. Due to varying lengths of time on each participant was on HPTH, these BMD assessment times were collapsed for purposes of analysis to: baseline, 6-month on HPTH therapy, last visit on HPTH therapy, and the post-HPTH follow-up visit. The Femoral BMD is one of 6 bone regions measurements of bone mineralization density assessed by DXA.

Raw Femoral Neck Bone Mineralization Density (BMD) Assessed by DXA

The DXA BMD were assessed every 6 months over 5 years, and at a follow-up visit post-HPTH therapy. Due to varying lengths of time on each participant was on HPTH, these BMD assessment times were collapsed for purposes of analysis to: baseline, 6-month on HPTH therapy, last visit on HPTH therapy, and the post-HPTH follow-up visit. The Lateral Spine BMD is one of 6 bone regions measurements of bone mineralization density assessed by DXA .

Raw Lateral Spine Bone Mineralization Density (BMD) Assessed by DXA

The DXA BMD measures were assessed every 6 months over 5 years, and at a follow-up visit post-HPTH therapy. Due to varying lengths of time on each participant was on HPTH, these BMD assessment times were collapsed for purposes of analysis to: baseline, 6-month on HPTH therapy, last visit on HPTH therapy, and the post-HPTH follow-up visit. The Total Hip BMD is one of 6 bone regions measurements of bone mineralization density assessed by DXA.

Raw Total Hip Bone Mineralization Density (BMD) Assessed by DXA

The DXA BMD measures were assessed every 6 months over 5 years, and at a follow-up visit post-HPTH therapy. Due to varying lengths of time on each participant was on HPTH, these BMD assessment times were collapsed for purposes of analysis to: baseline, 6-month on HPTH therapy, last visit on HPTH therapy, and the post-HPTH follow-up visit. The Whole Body BMD is one of 6 bone regions measurements of bone mineralization density assessed by DXA.

Raw Whole Body Bone Mineralization Density (BMD) Assessed by DXA

Perceived interference is measured using seven separate items that assess the degree to which fatigue in the past week was judged to interfere with general level of activity, ability to bathe and dress, normal work activity, ability to concentrate, relations with others, enjoyment of life, and mood. The interference ratings were summed to yield a total interference score ranging from 0 (no perceived interference due to fatigue) to 70 (maximum possible perceived interference due to fatigue).

Perceived Interference (PI) of the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI)

Severity is measured using four separate items of the FSI questionnaire that assesses how the participant felt on their most, least, and average fatigue days in the past week as well as current fatigue. Participants score their level of fatigue for each item on an 11-point scale (0=not at all fatigued, 10=as fatigued as I could be). An average is taken of sum of these 4 scores. The average severity score can range from 0 to 10. A higher average severity score indicates that the participant is experiencing more severe fatigue.

Average Severity Score of the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI)

Severity is measured using four separate items of the FSI questionnaire that assesses how the participant felt on their most, least, and average fatigue days in the past week as well as current fatigue. Participants score their level of fatigue for each item on an 11-point scale (0=not at all fatigued, 10=as fatigued as I could be). The composite severity score reflects the sum of these 4 scores. The composite severity scores can range from 0 to 40. A higher composite severity scores indicates that the participant is experiencing more severe fatigue.

Composite Severity Score of the Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI)

The total distance a participant was able to walk during a 6-minute walk

Total Distance Walked During a 6-minute Walk

The Bodily Pain (BP) domain scores are derived from the SF36 Health Survey taken by the participant. The SF-36 is a validated questionnaire assessing 4 physical domains: physical function, physical role limitations, bodily pain, and general health, and 4 mental domains: vitality, emotional role limitations, social function and mental health. From the 36 questions asked, a scoring tool derives SF36 domain scores for each of the eight domains. These domain scores are scaled to range from 0 to 100 with a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Lower scores indicate more disability; and, higher scores indicate less disability. The BP domain scores indicate to what extent a participant's bodily pain hinders their performance of daily activities.

SF36 Bodily Pain Domain

Emotional Role Limitations (RE) Domain scores are derived from the SF36 Health Survey taken by the participant. The SF-36 is a validated questionnaire assessing 4 physical domains: physical function, physical role limitations, bodily pain, and general health, and 4 mental domains: vitality, emotional role limitations, social function and mental health. From the 36 questions asked, a scoring tool derives SF36 domain scores for each of the eight domains. These domain scores are scaled to range from 0 to 100 with a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Lower scores indicate more disability; and, higher scores indicate less disability. The RE Domain score assesses the extent to which the emotional condition of the participant, e.g. feeling depressed or anxious, limits his/her daily functioning and ability to perform roles, such as in cutting down on the amount of time spent on work or other activities and accomplishing less than he/she would like to.

SF36 Emotional Role Limitations Domain

General Health (GH) Domain scores are derived from the SF36 Health Survey taken by the participant. The SF-36 is a validated questionnaire assessing 4 physical domains: physical function, physical role limitations, bodily pain, and general health, and 4 mental domains: vitality, emotional role limitations, social function and mental health. From the 36 questions asked, a scoring tool derives SF36 domain scores for each of the eight domains. These domain scores are scaled to range from 0 to 100 with a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Lower scores indicate more disability; and, higher scores indicate less disability. The GH domain score assesses a participant's perception of their general health in terms of concepts such as excellent, very good, good, fair or poor, getting ill easier than other people, and just as healthy as anyone he/she knows.

SF36 General Health Domain

Mental Health (MH) Domain scores are derived from the SF36 Health Survey taken by the participant. The SF-36 is a validated questionnaire assessing 4 physical domains: physical function, physical role limitations, bodily pain, and general health, and 4 mental domains: vitality, emotional role limitations, social function and mental health. From the 36 questions asked, a scoring tool derives SF36 domain scores for each of the eight domains. These domain scores are scaled to range from 0 to 100 with a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Lower scores indicate more disability; and, higher scores indicate less disability. The MH domain assesses the extent to which the participant is, among other things, feeling full of pep, is happy, is feeling calm and peaceful, is very nervous, or is feeling worn out and tired.

SF36 Mental Health Domain

Physical Function (PF) Domain scores are derived from the SF36 Health Survey taken by the participant. The SF-36 is a validated questionnaire assessing 4 physical domains: physical function, physical role limitations, bodily pain, and general health, and 4 mental domains: vitality, emotional role limitations, social function and mental health. From the 36 questions asked, a scoring tool derives SF36 domain scores for each of the eight domains. These domain scores are scaled to range from 0 to 100 with a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Lower scores indicate more disability; and, higher scores indicate less disability. The PF domain assesses the extent to which the participant's perceptions of his/her ability to perform vigorous and moderate physical activities are influenced by his/her physical condition.

SF36 Physical Function Domain

Physical Role Limitations (RP) Domain scores are derived from the SF36 Health Survey taken by the participant. The SF-36 is a validated questionnaire assessing 4 physical domains: physical function, physical role limitations, bodily pain, and general health, and 4 mental domains: vitality, emotional role limitations, social function and mental health. From the 36 questions asked, a scoring tool derives SF36 domain scores for each of the eight domains. These domain scores are scaled to range from 0 to 100 with a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Lower scores indicate more disability; and, higher scores indicate less disability. The RP Domain assesses the extent to which a participant's' performance of his/her roles in daily activities is impeded by his/her physical state of health.

SF36 Physical Role Limitations Domain

Social Function (SF) Domain scores are derived from the SF36 Health Survey taken by the participant. The SF-36 is a validated questionnaire assessing 4 physical components: physical function, physical role limitations, bodily pain, and general health, and 4 mental components: vitality, emotional role limitations, social function and mental health. From the 36 questions asked, a scoring tool is used to calculate each of the eight domain scores. The scoring tool transforms the score into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. SF36 domain scores are scaled to have a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. The SF Domain assesses the level of a participant's social activities and interaction with significant others such as family members, friends, neighbours and other social relations. Lower scores indicate more disability; higher scores indicate less disability with respect to social function.

SF36 Social Function Domain

Vitality (VT) Domain scores are derived from the SF36 Health Survey taken by the participant. SF36 domain scores are scaled to have a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores reflect a better quality of life.The SF-36 is a validated questionnaire assessing 4 physical components: physical function, physical role limitations, bodily pain, and general health, and 4 mental components: vitality, emotional role limitations, social function and mental health. From the 36 questions asked, a scoring tool is used to calculate the eight domain scores. The scoring tool transforms the score into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight. SF36 domain scores are scaled to have a population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Lower scores indicate more disability; and, higher scores indicate less disability. The VT Domain assesses the participant's experience of feeling energetic and full of pep, or worn out and tired.

SF36 Vitality Domain

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

Serum Calcium

Serum Osteocalcin

Serum Phosphorus

Urine was collected over 24 hours and the total NTX Telopeptide measured

24 Hour Urine NTX Telopeptide

Participants had ultrasound and CT imaging of the kidney were performed yearly. The rates of new, stable, and progressing nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis (NCNL) were recorded.

Number of Participants With Nephrolithiasis/Nephrocalcinosis

The 8 primary bone biopsy measures were to be adjusted HPTH dose by fitting the primary bone biopsy model with both linear and quadratic dose covariates added to the model. However, the study was terminated early resulting in only 5, 5, and 2 participants having their biopsies at 1, 2, and 4 years respectively. To add additional linear and quadratic dose covariates to the statistical model with an already small sample sizes would highly risk over-parameterizing the model. Thus no new analysis was performed.

Primary Bone Biopsy Measures Adjusted for HPTH Dose

As a sensitivity analysis, the 8 primary bone biopsy measures were to be adjusted for female menopausal status, by fitting the primary bone biopsy model with a menopausal status covariate added to the model. However, the study was terminated early resulting in only 5, 5, and 2 participants having their biopsies at 1, 2, and 4 years respectively. Furthermore, 3 males would need to be removed from the model leaving 4, 3, 2 participants with bone biopsies with an additional degree of freedom consumed for the menopausal status covariate. Thus, the planned mixed models analysis was not performed since with such small samples sizes random fluctuations in the data could give misleading erroneous results.

Sensitivity Analyses of Female Menopause Status in the Primary Bone Biopsy Efficacy Models

The DXA BMD measures were assessed every 6 months over 5 years, and at a follow-up visit post-HPTH therapy. Due to varying lengths of time on each participant was on HPTH, these BMD assessment times were collapsed for purposes of analysis to: baseline, 6-month on HPTH therapy, last visit on HPTH therapy, and the post-HPTH follow-up visit The 1/3 Radius BMD is one of 6 bone regions measurements of bone mineralization density assessed by DXA. The unit of measure is a z-score. Z-scores are normed to standard populations to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of 1. The normal range for a z-score is from -2 to 2. Values above or below this normal range are considered worse outcomes.

kidney calculi/fatica

Effect of Low Doses of Vitamin C on Salivary Cortisol , Heart Rate , Blood Pressure During Group Presentation

Trial of Nortriptyline and Topiramate in the Initial Treatment of Vestibular Migraine

Combination Risedronate - Parathyroid Hormone Trial in Male Osteoporosis

Effects of PTH Replacement on Bone in Hypoparathyroidism

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