The clinical charts of NCWS female patients attending the outpatient centers of the Department of Internal Medicine at the University Hospital of Palermo and the Department of Internal Medicine of the Hospital of Sciacca will be reviewed with a retrospective method. They had all been diagnosed with NCWS between January 2001 and June 2011 and included in a previously published study. These charts included specific sections for associated gynaecological disorders. Incomplete clinical charts will be excluded. All the patients will be evaluated at baseline (i.e. at diagnosis) and after at least a 6-months period of gluten-free diet.

To compare the presence and characteristics of gynaecological disorders in NCWS female patients, a control group of CD female patients had been randomly chosen by a computer-generated method from female patients diagnosed during the same period (2001-2011) and age- (+2 years) matched with the NCWS female patients. Similar to NCWS patients, also this control group was asked for gynaecological disorders and the answers reported in the patients clinical charts. All the patients will be evaluated at baseline (i.e. at diagnosis) and after at least a 6-months period of gluten-free diet.

To compare the presence and characteristics of gynaecological disorders in NCWS female patients, a control group of IBS female patients had been randomly chosen by a computer-generated method from female subjects diagnosed during the same period (2001-2011) and age- (+2 years) matched with the NCWS female patients. Similar to NCWS patients, also this control group was asked for gynaecological disorders and the answers reported in the patients clinical charts. All the patients will be evaluated at baseline (i.e. at diagnosis) and after at least a 6-months period of gluten-free diet.

The investigators prospectively will survey adult female patients with functional gastroenterological symptoms according to the Rome III criteria, and a suspected diagnosis of NCWS. The patients will be recruited between January 2017 and January 2018 at the same 2 centers. Most of the patients will be referred owing to gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, the onset of which, they reported, could be related to wheat ingestion. In addition, patients will be asked about the presence and characteristics of gynaecological disorders using an ad hoc questionnaire. All the patients will be evaluated at baseline (i.e. at diagnosis) and after at least a 6-months period of gluten-free diet.

To compare the presence and characteristics of gynaecological disorders in NCWS female patients, a control group of CD female patients will be randomly chosen by a computer-generated method from female subjects diagnosed during the same period (2017-2018) and age- (+2 years) matched with the NCWS female patients. Similar to NCWS patients, also this control group will be asked for gynaecological disorders and the answers reported in the patients clinical charts. All the patients will be evaluated at baseline (i.e. at diagnosis) and after at least a 6-months period of gluten-free diet.

To compare the presence and characteristics of gynaecological disorders in NCWS female patients, a control group of IBS female patients will be randomly chosen by a computer-generated method from female subjects diagnosed during the same period (2017-2018) and age- (+2 years) matched with the NCWS female patients. Similar to NCWS patients, also this control group will be asked for gynaecological disorders and the answers reported in the patients clinical charts. All the patients will be evaluated at baseline (i.e. at diagnosis) and after at least a 6-months period of gluten-free diet.

Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity

The investigators will evaluate the modification of gynaecological disorder after a gluten (wheat)-free diet.

Gluten free diet

Department of Internal Medicine, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital of Sciacca

Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Palermo

Gynaecological Disorders in Not-celiac Wheat Sensitivity

Gynaecological Disorders in Patients With Not-celiac Wheat Sensitivity

Prevalence of gynaecological disorders in retrospective and prospective NCWS female patients, compared to retrospective and prospective CD and IBS female patients.

Gynaecological disorders evaluation after at least 6 months of gluten-free diet after the NCWS diagnosis, by visual analogic scales, specific questionnaire, and clinical examination, both in retrospective and prospective NCWS female patients.

Pasquale Mansueto

University of Palermo

We prospectively will survey 30 nuns from the "Congregazione delle Suore Collegine della Santa Famiglia", Palermo, Italy. The subjects will be recruited between January 2017 and June 2017 and will be examined before and after the diet period (30 days) with ancient grains, undergoing clinical evaluation and blood and feces samples collection. Ancient wheat flours will be administered in open label for 30 days

Gluten Sensitivity

Ancient wheat flours will be administered in open label for 30 days

Ancient wheat flours

Congregazione delle Suore Collegine della Santa Famiglia

Effects of Ancient Grains-based Diet in a Closed Community

Laboratory Values evaluation at baseline and after a 30 days challenge with ancient grains-based diet.

Evaluation of modifications of intestinal microbiota (bacterial flora) by feces samples examination, before and after a 30 days challenge with ancient grains-based diet.

Evaluation of modifications in cytokines production from PBMC, before and after the diet period (30 days) with ancient grains.

Lactose breath test in NCWS patients with symptoms related to milk and/or milk derivates ingestion.

Lactose breath test

DBPC cow's milk protein challenge in NCWS patients with symptoms related to milk and/or milk derivates ingestion.

DBPC cow's milk protein challenge

Internal Medicine Department of the Hospital of Sciacca (Agrigento)

Internal Medicine Department of the University Hospital of Palermo

Lactose Intolerance and Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity Patients

Prevalence of positive lactose breath test and DBPC cow's milk protein challenge in NCWS patients with self-reported gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to milk and/or milk derivates ingestion.

Frequency of lactose intolerance and CMPA in NCWS patients

monosaccharide/nausea

Gynaecological Disorders in Not-celiac Wheat Sensitivity

Effects of Ancient Grains-based Diet in a Closed Community

Lactose Intolerance and Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity Patients

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