Arthemeter-lumefantrine (ART-LUM) is an antimalaria drug manufactured as fixed combination tablets, each containing 20 mg of artemether and 120 mg of lumefantrine. ART-LUM was administrated according to body weight as six consecutive doses: The first dose at diagnosis and the second dose eight hours later, 0- 24-48 hours

Artesunate mefloquine (ASMQ) is an antimalaria drug administered as a combination of artesunate, 4 mg/kg/day, with mefloquine, 8 mg/kg/day orally once a day for 3 days or three times, at an interval of 24 hours (0 h - 24 h - 48 h).

Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine (DHA-PQ ) is an antimalaria drug administered as a combination of dihydroartemisinin, 2.5 mg per kg, with piperaquine phosphate, 20mg per kg daily for 3 days or three times, at an interval of 24 hours

Oral paracetamol is administered at of 50mg/kg body weight per day in three divided doses for fever exceeding 37.5oC.

amoxicillin is an antibiotic administered at 50mg per kg body weight per day for seven days in the event of concomitant bacterial infection, absent on day 0 but present during the follow up.

Quinine is an antimalarial recommended by the WHO and NMCP to be used as second line treatment for malaria. In this study, for cases of treatment failure with the artemisinin based combination therapies, quinine sulphate is administered as a second line or rescue drug at a dose of 25mg base per kg body weight per day in three divided doses for five days. The participant is then classified as ETF or LTF and excluded from the study.

Drug Resistant Malaria Due to Plasmodium Falciparum

Randomization codes were computer-generated by an offsite investigator and provided to a study nurse responsible for treatment allocation. All other study personnel were blinded to the treatment assignments, and patients were not informed of their treatment regimen. Participants from Group 1: AL, Group 2 : DHAP, Group3 : ASMQ were also given appointment card for days 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 for clinical examination and blood smears. Blood was taken on filter paper on each of these visits.

Arthemeter-lumefantrine

Artequin® is an antimalarial drug presented as infant co-formulation of two separate drugs

Artesunate mefloquine

Malacur®. is an antimalarial drug presentad as co-formulation of two separate drugs

Dihydroartemisinin piperaquine

Paracetamol, is an antipyretic drug, presented as tablets or syrup in infants formulation

Paracetamol

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic with no reported activity on plasmodium

Amoxicillin

quinine sulphate is an antimalaria drug administered as a second line or rescue drug

Quinine

CDC Hospital

Antimalaria Drugs Susceptibility Testing for an Effective Management of Infected Patients in Sub-Sahara Africa

Assessment of Antimalaria Drugs Susceptibility Testing for an Effective Management of Infected Patients in Sub-Sahara Africa

The primary endpoint was the 28-day and 42-day cure rates and was defined as proportion of patients with adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) after 28 and 42 days of follow-up. Absence of parasitemia until day 28 and day 42 irrespective of axillary temperature was categorized as an adequate clinical and parasitologic response (ACPR). Secondary endpoints were early treatment failure (ETF), late clinical failure (LCF), late parasitological failure (LPF), adverse events (clinical and laboratory abnormalities), anaemia (Hematocrit < 30%), clearance rate of fever and parasitaemia, and gametocyte

The ability of the drug to restore hemoglobin level back to normal

The ability of the drug to completely eliminate plasmodium in the blood stream including participant without symptoms of fever

blood sample from patients with parasitaemia at any day of follow-up are analysed by PCR to evaluated the genetic profile of the MSP1 and MSP2

University of Bamenda

Ministry of Science and Technology of the People´s Republic of China

National Institute for Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

The infected individuals were treated with the standard chloroquine (CQ)+primaquine(PQ) regimen to malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax.
Chloroquine (tablet containing 150mg of base) - it was given on days 0 (10mg/kg), 1 (7.5mg/kg) and 2 (7.5mg/kg). Total dose, 25 mg base/kg.
Primaquine - it was given once a day (0.5 mg/kg) for seven days, starting on day 0 of CQ treatment. Total dose, 3.5mg/kg The medications were administered under direct observation and the patient was monitored for vomiting for 60 minutes.

The infected individuals were initially treated with chloroquine (CQ) alone and the primaquine(PQ) was introduced on day 28.
Chloroquine (tablet containing 150mg of base) - it was given on days 0 (10mg/kg), 1 (7.5mg/kg) and 2 (7.5mg/kg). Total dose, 25 mg base/kg.
Primaquine - it was given once a day (0.5 mg/kg) for seven days, starting on day 28 of CQ treatment. Total dose, 3.5mg/kg.
The medications were administered under direct observation and the patient was monitored for vomiting for 60 minutes.

Malaria, Vivax

10mg/kg on day 0 and 7.5mg/kg on days 1 and 2. Total dose, 25 mg base/kg. Tablet containing 150mg of base.

Chloroquine

0.5 mg/kg once a day, for seven days. Total dose, 3.5mg/kg.

Primaquine

Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo

Efficacy of Chloroquine (CQ) Alone Compared to Concomitant CQ and Primaquine for Plasmodium Vivax Infection

Efficacy of Chloroquine (CQ) Alone Compared to Concomitant CQ and Primaquine (PQ) for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Plasmodium Vivax Infection

danger signs or severe malaria on day 1, 2 or 3 in the presence of parasitaemia OR parasitaemia on day 2 higher than on day 0 OR parasitaemia on day 3 with axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 ºC OR parasitaemia on day 3 ≥ 25% of count on day 0

danger signs or severe malaria in the presence of parasitaemia on any day between day 4 and day 28 OR parasitaemia on any day between day 4 and day 28 with axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 ºC (or history of fever) in patients who did not previously meet any of the criteria of early treatment failure

presence of parasitaemia on any day between day 7 and day 28 with axillary temperature < 37.5 ºC in patients who did not previously meet any of the criteria of early treatment failure or late clinical failure

Any unfavourable and unintended sign (including an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom or disease temporally associated with the use of the study medication, whether or not considered related to the study medication.

Any untoward and unintended responses to a medicinal product related to any dose judged by either the reporting medically qualified professional or the sponsor as having a reasonable suspected causal relationship to the study medication.

University of Sao Paulo

Malaria

Artemether-lumefantrine

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine

Bandim Health Project

Improving Anti-malarial Treatment Options in Guinea-Bissau - Part A

Efficacy and Safety of Artemether + Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin + Piperaquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Guinea-Bissau.

The data will be analysed using survival estimates of per protocol treatment failure rates but also intention to treat treatment failure rates.

Self-reported signs and symptoms, clinical evaluations during treatment, day 7 and then weekly until day 42. leucocytes day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21.

For all children with re-parasitaemia genetic polymorfisms will be established by PCR, and in additional 50 children further characterisation using cultures will be done

Karolinska Institutet

Healthy control children will be enrolled from out-patient well-baby visits.

Febrile children admitted to the hospital with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia, no other cause of fever identified, no evidence of severe malaria (as listed in Study Protocol, Section 5.2 under exclusion criteria for UM), and no co-infection with other malaria species will be enrolled in the UM group.

Comatose children admitted to the hospitals will be evaluated by the house physician and/or member of the study team. If lumbar puncture is obtained, the parent or guardian will be approached for permission to enroll the child into the study. Parasitemic children with no other cause of coma identified will included in the CM group.

Children without parasitemia and diagnosed with a non-malaria cause of coma or CNS disease will be enrolled in the non-malaria CNS disease group.

parasitemia/seizures

Antimalaria Drugs Susceptibility Testing for an Effective Management of Infected Patients in Sub-Sahara Africa

Efficacy of Chloroquine (CQ) Alone Compared to Concomitant CQ and Primaquine for Plasmodium Vivax Infection

Improving Anti-malarial Treatment Options in Guinea-Bissau - Part A

Hyperphenylalaninemia in Cerebral Malaria

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