Oral metformin 500 mg once daily for first week, 500 mg twice daily for next 23 weeks. The follow-up treatment according to the participants' condition.

Oral placebo 500 mg once daily for first week, 500 mg twice daily for next 23 weeks. The follow-up treatment according to the participants' condition.

Uveitis

Metformin

Glucocorticoid

The investigators assumed that the combination therapy of metformin and glucocorticoids can decrease glucocorticoids side effects and synergia the anti-inflammatory and immune inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids. So the investigators use metformin in the experimental group.

The investigators use placebo in the control group.

Placebo

Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital

A Clinical Trial of Metformin to Decrease Glucocorticoids Side Effects in Patients With Autoimmune Uveitis

Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Research Evaluating the Use of Combination Therapy of Glucocorticoids and Metformin to Decrease Glucocorticoids Side Effects in Patients With Autoimmune Uveitis

The assessments of abnormal metabolic indexes include any of these outcome measures: FBG≥6.1 mmol/L, TC≥5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/d1), TG≥1.7 mmol/L (150 mg/dl) or BMI increased 1 kg/m^2 than before in the process of follow-up twice in a row.

The study protocol,statistical analysis plan,informed consent form and clinical study report are to be shared with other researchers.

Xiaomin Zhang

Director of the Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute，archiater

Tianjin Medical University

Peking Union Medical College Hospital

Peking University First Hospital

Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University

Subjects in group A get citicoline 1000 mg per day for 60 days

Subjects in group B get placebo for 60 days.

Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Citicoline 1000 mg will be repackaged and given to Group A for 60 days

Group A Citicoline 1000 mg oral tablet

Placebo will be repackaged and given to Group B for 60 days

Group B placebo oral tablet

Departemen Mata Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia- RSCM Kirana

Citicoline Effect on Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)

Citicoline Effect on Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) : Pattern Electroretinography Study

amplitude measured from the valley of N35 to the peak of P50 with pattern electroretinography

amplitude measured from peak of P50 to valley of N95 with pattern electroretinography

anatomical cross-sectional examination of retinal ganglion cells using optical coherence tomography (OCT) CirrusTM HD-OCT 5000. The mode is panomap ganglion cell analysis: Macular Cube 512x128 and 200x200 cube Optic disc. Examination is repeated with minimal attention to signal strength is ≥ 5.

visual field test results using Humphrey HFA II-i 750, 24-2 threshold. Examination is repeated by taking into account the confidence index that meets the three criteria below:
Fixation losses ≤ 20%
False positive ≤ 15%
False negative ≤ 20-30%
The parameters assessed are:
The mean deviation (MD): the result of the average sensitivity of the retina of patients compared with the normal population. This figure is obtained from the total deviation.
Pattern standard deviation (PSD): the result of the average sensitivity of the retina of patients who have adapted and showed a localized area index. This figure is obtained from the pattern deviation.

Valen Chia

dr. Valenchia

Sample of 20 people for each treatment group (Group A: citicoline and group B : placebo). Both group were given drug (whether citicoline or placebo) for 60 days.

The allocation of the subject is done by using block randomization. Randomization will be performed by a third party before the study began. Number randomization results will be incorporated into the white envelope sealed and classified into group A (got citcoline) or group B (placebo) in accordance with the results of randomization. Neither the participant, investigator nor the outcome assessor know whether the patient is classified into group A or B.

uveitis/triglyceride

A Clinical Trial of Metformin to Decrease Glucocorticoids Side Effects in Patients With Autoimmune Uveitis

Citicoline Effect on Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION)

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