Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is an adaptive state that develops from repeated drug administration, and which results in withdrawal upon cessation of drug use. A drug addiction, a distinct concept from substance dependence, is defined as compulsive, out-of-control drug use, despite negative consequences. An addictive drug is a drug which is both rewarding and reinforcing. ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, is now known to be a critical component and common factor in the development ...
קרא עוד בויקיפדיההקלד סימפטום או מחלה וקרא על צמחי מרפא שעשויים לעזור, הקלד עשב וראה מחלות ותסמינים שהוא משמש נגד.
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