Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-1β Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Monocytes by Methanolic Extract of Elephantopus scaber Linn and Identification of Bioactive Components.

The methanolic extract of E. scaber Linn was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by determining its effects on production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated monocytes. The cytotoxicity of the extract was analyzed prior to the cytokine quantification assays. The extract was further subjected to UPLC MS Q-TOF, for the identification of bioactive components present in the crude extract. The extract was found not to be cytotoxic against monocytes, and exhibited significant inhibition in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The presence of 34 components in the methanolic extract was detected through mass spectrum analysis.