Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC pathogenesis requires passage through a severe population bottleneck involving intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) that are clonal expansions of a single invading UPEC bacterium in a
Nitric oxide (NO) is enzymatically produced from L-arginine and has a variety of biological functions. Autoxidation of NO in aqueous media yields nitrite (O = N-O(-)). NO and nitrite are oxidized in erythrocytes by oxyhemoglobin to nitrate (NO(3)(-)). Nitrate reductases from bacteria reduce nitrate