Background: Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most life-threatening malignancies worldwide, with a growing incidence in Iran higher than the global average.
Objective:
Identification of bioactive natural products with anticancer activity as well as alleviating effects on chemotherapy-induced side effects has significant implications for cancer treatment. Betula platyphylla var. japonica, commonly known as Asian white birch, has been used in Chinese traditional