Quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloid teratogens from Lupinus, Conium, and Nicotiana genera have been identified as causes of birth defects in livestock induced by poisonous plants. Many defects now known to be related to poisonous plant ingestion were once thought to have a genetic origin. This
BACKGROUND
There is significant controversy surrounding the ideal management of thoracolumbar burst fractures. While several treatment and management algorithms have been proposed, the ideal treatment strategy for these fractures remains unsettled. The authors review their experience with