Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in human lymphocytes: effects of insulin, obesity and weight loss.

Insulin exposure stimulates an increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity in isolated human lymphocytes that correlates to an increase in G3PDH mRNA and requires new protein synthesis. Synthetic diacylglycerol or phorbol ester can mimic the effect of insulin on G3PDH activity, suggesting that protein kinase C may be involved in regulation of G3PDH levels. In addition, lithium chloride, an inositol phosphate phosphatase inhibitor, and calcium uptake inhibitors can abolish insulin stimulation of G3PDH activity. For obese subjects in whom insulin resistance in vitro can be demonstrated, the extent of insulin stimulation of G3PDH activity is decreased compared to normal weight individuals, and treatment by a very low calorie diet restores insulin stimulation of G3PDH activity. Thus, insulin stimulation of G3PDH activity is dependent upon the metabolic state of the subject from whom the cells are obtained.