Thevetiaflavone from Wikstroemia indica ameliorates PC12 cells injury induced by OGD/R via improving ROS‑mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.

Cerebral ischemia and following reperfusion affects many people worldwide. To discover efficient therapeutic approaches, numerous natural products have been investigated. The current study investigated the protective effects of thevetiaflavone, a natural flavonoid obtained from Wikstroemia indica, and the associated mechanisms using PC12 cells induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. As a result, thevetiaflavone improves cell viability and suppresses the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase from the cytoplasm. Further investigation of the mechanisms demonstrated that thevetiaflavone decreases overproduction of ROS and ameliorates ROS‑mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, including collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Thevetiaflavone reduces the intracellular Ca2+ level, which is closely associated with mitochondrial function and interplays with ROS. Furthermore, thevetiaflavone inhibits apoptosis in PC12 cells through upregulating the expression of Bcl‑2 and downregulating that of Bax and caspase‑3 in addition to increasing the activity of caspase‑3. These results further indicate the protective effects of thevetiaflavone in vivo and its application in the clinic.