anencephaly/ニコチン

Women with a history of reproductive loss may be at an increased risk of having an unfavourable outcome in subsequent pregnancies. Using data from a matched case-control study based on the record of the Epidemiological Surveillance System of Neural Tube Defects, we evaluated the association between

OBJECTIVE The study was designed to evaluate the association between socioeconomic level (as measured by maternal education, maternal occupation, and monthly family income) and anencephaly. METHODS The authors conducted a case-control study using data from the Epidemiological Surveillance System

The precise etiology of neural tube defects (NTDs) is not known. There is some evidence that mutations in MTHFR gene provide susceptibility to NTDs in some populations; however, other studies have not found this association. One of the problems with previous studies is that they treat NTDs as a

BACKGROUND While associations between secondhand smoke and a few birth defects (namely, oral clefts and neural tube defects) have been noted in the scientific literature, to our knowledge, there is no single or comprehensive source of population-based information on its associations with a range of

OBJECTIVE This report presents fetal mortality data by medical and life-style risk factors of the mother and the fetus. METHODS Deaths and fetal mortality rates are presented in this descriptive report. Data sources used are vital statistics data for fetal deaths and live births. RESULTS The data

OBJECTIVE To explore the periconceptional factors affecting the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs), we carried out a hospital-based case-control study in China. METHODS A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted. With self-designed questionnaires, we solicited relevant information from 459 case

OBJECTIVE To provide information regarding the use of folic acid in combination with a multivitamin supplement for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies, so that physicians, midwives, nurses, and other health care workers can assist in the education of women in the