Overnight fasting blood sample, early morning first-void urine sample and faeces samples will be collected at baseline and follow-up。

Hypertension

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Stroke

Obesity

Metabolic Syndrome

Sarcopenia

Chronic Kidney Disease

Cancer

Death

Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control

Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study：a Community-based Prospective Cohort Study in Nanshan， Shenzhen Residents

The investigators will also track for occurrence of diabetes mellitus by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of cardiovascular diseases by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of stroke by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will track for occurrence of cognitive disorder by follow-up surveys and annual record linkage to the population-based disease or death registry collected by the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Health Insurance Bureau. All cases will be verified by medical record reviews.

The investigators will measure metabolic syndrome-related indices at each visit (per every 3 years), the investigators can analysis the incidence of metabolic syndrome.

The investigators will measure fasting lipid profile (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) at each visit, and analyse the change of these indices.

The investigators will measure the handgrip strength, which will be used to diagnose sarcopenia according to definition recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS): cutoff values for handgrip strength (<26 kg for men and <18 kg for women).

The investigators will measure the usual gait speed., which will also be used to diagnose sarcopenia according to definition recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS): cutoff values for usual gait speed (<0.8 m/s).

Yu-ming Chen

Professor

Sun Yat-sen University

Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control

Type II Diabetes Mellitus

30 drops in 1 cup of water three times a day for 3 months

Abroma Augusta Q (mother tincture)

,Father Muller Homoeopathic Medical College, Prasanth Nivas Ashram Nmpt Hospital

Therapeutic Efficacy of "Abroma Agusta" in HbA1c % in NIDDM

Therapeutic Efficacy of Homoeopathic Mother Tincture of "Abroma Agusta" in Changing the Level of Glycated Hb (HbA1c %) in Diabetes Mellitus Type II (NIDDM

dr rita chakraborty

PROFESSOR, Head of The Department of Repertory

Fr Muller Homoeopathic Medical College

Treatment with taurine for 4 1/2 days, two doses per day

Taurine Intervention

Age, Customized

Total number of participant enrolled in study was 15. One subject who enrolled per phone had to postpone study visit due to acute illness. This individual failed to reschedule for study visit and was eventually removed from the study. Number of subjects who completed study and analyzed is therefore 14.

Sex: Female, Male

Total number of participant enrolled in study was 15. One subject who enrolled per phone had to postpone study visit due to acute illness. This individual failed to reschedule for study visit and was eventually removed from the study. Number of subjects who completed study and analyzed is therefore 14

Race/Ethnicity, Customized

TBARS were measured in plasma via colorimetric absorbance. TBARS are a marker of oxidative stress. They are formed as a by-product of lipid (fat) oxidation. TBARS predominantly reflect the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) a substance that is formed from the breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

For safety reason, the first two subjects studies received low dose taurine therapy: 25 mg/kg body weight twice a day (maximum dose 1.5 grams). There after all received target dose therapy: 75 mg/kg body weight twice a day (maximum dose of 5 grams).

Taurine Intervention Group

Difference in Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) in Individuals With Cystathionine Beta Synthase Deficient Homocystinuria (CBSDH) Pre and Post Taurine Treatment.

TNF-alpha was measured in plasma via Luminex high sensitivity assay. TNF-alpha is a signaling protein, or cytokine that promotes an inflammatory response.

Difference in Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-alpha) in Individuals With CBSDH Pre and Post Taurine Treatment.

Endothelial function was measured by doppler brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) studies.

Difference in Endothelial Function (Blood Vessel Function) in Individuals With CBSDH Pre and Post Taurine Treatment

Difference in Endothelial Function (Blood Vessel Function) in Individuals With CBSDH and Homocysteine Levels Greater Than 125 Micromole/L Pre and Post Taurine Treatment.

Difference in Endothelial Function (Blood Vessel Function) in Individuals With CBSDH and Pre Taurine Exposure FMD Values Less Than 10 mm Pre and Post Taurine Treatment.

Bone mineral density was assessed via whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) with bone density corrected for age. The absolute DEXA value was not used for analysis, rather values below 2 standard deviations of normal were taken as evidence of osteoporosis.

Baseline value prior to taurine intervention.

Percent of Individuals With Decreased Bone Mineral Density.

TBARS were measured in plasma via colorimetric absorbance. Homocysteine was measured in serum by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in a Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA) approved clinical laboratory. TBARS are a marker of oxidative stress. TBARS are formed as a by-product of lipid (fat) oxidation. TBARS predominantly reflect the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) a substance that is formed from the breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Baseline value prior to taurine intervention on day two of study.

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) in Individuals With CBSDH Compare to Homocysteine Level.

Taurine was measured in plasma via liquid chromatogram(LC)-MS/MS.

Determination of Baseline Taurine Level, Peak Taurine Level on Day One, Trough Level on Day One and Trough Level on Day Four of Taurine Treatment.

Triglycerides were measured in a CLIA approved clinical laboratory.Triglycerides are a natural occurring fat. High levels over a long period of time can increase the chances for heart disease. Levels greater that 1000 mg/dl over a short period of time can increase chances of pancreatitis.

Difference in Triglycerides in Individuals With CBSDH Receiving Both Low Dose and Target Dose Taurine Pre and Post Taurine Treatment (Safety Assessment)

Triglycerides were measured in a CLIA approved clinical laboratory. Triglycerides are a natural occurring fat, High levels over a long period of time can increase the chances for heart disease. Levels greater that 1000 mg/dl over a short period of time can increase chances of pancreatitis.

Difference in Triglycerides in Individuals With CBSDH Receiving Target Dose Taurine Pre and Post Taurine Treatment (Safety Assessment)

Difference in Systolic Blood Pressure in Individuals With CBSDH Receiving Both Low Dose and Target Dose Taurine Pre and Post Taurine Treatment (Safety Assessment).

Difference in Diastolic Blood Pressure in Individuals With CBSDH Receiving Both Low Dose and Target Dose Taurine Pre and Post Taurine Treatment (Safety Assessment).

For safety reason, the first two subjects studies received low dose taurine therapy: 25 mg/kg body weight twice a day (maximum dose 1.5 grams). The next subjects received target high dose therapy: 75 mg/kg body weight twice a day (maximum dose of 5 grams).

betaine/脳卒中

Nanshan Elderly Cohort Study

Therapeutic Efficacy of "Abroma Agusta" in HbA1c % in NIDDM

Oxidative Stress Markers In Inherited Homocystinuria And The Impact Of Taurine

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