Women in the intervention arm will be provided with the "Health Gauge" device. With this device, the women will be able to do self-monitoring of blood pressure as well as a few other things like heart rate, daily activities. Investigators will train our study participants (high-risk pregnant women) on how to use Salu Health Gauge to measure BP as well as how to charge them. Trained FFWs will visit the households weekly and synchronize the device with a tablet computer to collect the stored data. The FFWs will measure the weight of the participants using a digital weighing scale at enrollment and on a monthly bases thereafter. Investigators will keep monitoring up to termination of pregnancy. in any health issue arises, our health worker will ensure that an appropriate referral is made to a tertiary care facility. This intervention will be in addition to the conventional antenatal and postnatal care.

All those women randomized to the control arm will receive conventional antenatal and postnatal care only. Investigators will collect the outcome data from the households and/or the health centers by follow-up visits or over phone. Investigators will consell participants, women both in the control group, to make at least four antenatal visits. In addition, Investigators will provide counselling about eating healty and keeping physically active during pregnancy. Investigators will provide general nutrition education on taking balanced energy and protein diet.

Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced

Hypertension, Essential Hypertension

Hypertension; Pre-Eclampsia

Hypertension in Pregnancy

Our study aimed to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. So only female can be enrolled in the study as participant due to their ability to be pregnant

Women in the intervention arm will be provided with the "Health Gauge" device. With this device, the women will be able to do self-monitoring of blood pressure as well as a few other things like heart rate, daily activities. We will also measure weight gain of the mothers at monthly basis.

Self monitoring of blood pressure using Health Gauge Device and monthly monitoring of weight gain

Icddr,B

Optimizing Gestational Weight Gain, Birth Weight and Other Perinatal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women at Risk of Hypertension in Pregnancy

Optimizing Gestational Weight Gain, Birth Weight and Other Perinatal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women at Risk of Hypertension in Pregnancy by Regular Monitoring of Weight Gain and Blood Pressure: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Recruitment rate is defined as number of participants recruited per month on average. This outcome is important because unforeseen enrolment challenges are crucial to identify in a pilot RCT.

Retention rate is defined as the proportion of participants who will fully participate in the study until follow-up period (from 20 week up to the delivery) ends.

Adherence is defined as the proportion of participants following the intervention protocol. There may be a number of reasons why the participant do not follow the intervention protocol properly. FFWs will enquire the reasons during weekly visits and note the causes and the number of times they have violated the protocol in a log sheet. Understandable protocol deviations (e.g., participant died) will be distinguished from protocol violations (e.g., participant removed the wearable gauge).

Participant acceptability of the device as intervention will be assessed two times during the follow-up period using a Likert scale with 5 level of qualitative response as well as by asking qualitative questions. The quantitative result will be reported as median (interquartile range) score for combined and period specific outcomes. They will be assessed once during the third trimester and in the end of the study. The qualitative part will be reported narratively. up period using a Likert scale as well as by asking qualitative questions. The quantitative result will be reported as median (interquartile range) score for combined and period specific outcome. They will be assessed once during the second trimester, once during the third trimester and finally once during the postnatal period. The qualitative part will be reported narratively.

Participant acceptability of the BP measurement procure as a part of the intervention will be assessed two times during the follow-up period using a Likert scale with 5 level of qualitative response as well as by asking qualitative questions. The quantitative result will be reported as median (interquartile range) score for combined and period specific outcomes. They will be assessed once during the third trimester and in the end of the study. The qualitative part will be reported narratively.

The investigators will measure the gestational weight gain by using increase of maternal weight per month and increase of maternal weight per week. Weight will be measured in kilograms.

The investigators will record birth weight in every viable births and will record in grams (gm). Then investigators will compare the birth weight between two groups.

The investigators will measure the adverse consequences of pregnancy due to hypertension during pregnancy. The investigators will record all the episodes or occurrence of adverse events. This will compared in descriptive nature and compare between groups. Adverse events will be for mothers are: abruptio placenta, Disseminated coagulopathy, Pulmonary oedema/aspiration, acute renal failure, eclampsia, liver failure or hemorrhage, stroke, death. Fetal events like intrauterine death/stillbirth, preterm birth, small-for-gestational age, low birth weight, Hypoxia-neurologic injury, neonatal death, complications associated with LBW or preterm births

The investigators will motivate mothers to measure blood pressure in mm/Hg for at least six times in a day. Then investigators will prepare a complete profile of blood pressure for her pregnancy from 20 weeks of gestation up to the termination of pregnancy for each participants in intervention groups. The investigators will also make a profile of blood pressure among control groups with their recorded data measured by their respective health professionals (doctors and health workers). The investigators will take the average and compare the blood pressure in different time periods.

The investigators will motivate the mothers to measure the heart rate for 6 times a day with the health Gauge device. Then heart rate will be calculated in beats per minutes.

The investigators will measure the daily activity of pregnant mothers who are at risk of hypertension by step counts per day during their observation period.

The investigators will take data related to sleeping status of mothers and will be recorded as number of hours passed in different stages of sleeps. The investigators will make a profile for those mothers have higher risk for pregnancy related hypertension

The investigators will take the data of those mothers enrolled in the study related to their sociodemographic status.

International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Salu Design Group

This study is designed as a prospective, two-arm, parallel, and open-label randomized controlled external pilot trial. Eligible participants (high-risk pregnant women) will be individually randomized 1:1 to the intervention arm who will regularly monitor their nutritional status (rate of gestational weight gain) using a digital weighing scale and continuously self-monitor their blood pressure using a wearable device (Salu Health Gauge) from 20 weeks of gestation up to termination of to pregnancy alongside conventional antenatal and postnatal care or the control arm who will receive conventional antenatal and postnatal care only.

Neither the participants nor the investigators or the assessors of outcomes can be blinded to allocation because of the obvious nature and the delivery procedure of the interventions which investigators are going to provide and thus, investigators are obliged to make the RCT non-blinded/open. However, it is prudent to mention that the outcomes of the trial are of objective nature. Furthermore, the randomization, as well as statistical analysis, will be carried out by someone unconnected to the recruitment process.

All adolescent recipients of MenACYW-CRM vaccines during the study period. Among these, adolescents who have additionally experienced an event of interest within the 1-year observation period following vaccination will be included in the self-controlled case series.

Meningococcal Disease

MenACYW-CRM vaccination received as part of routine clinical care and as registered in the vaccine records.

glomerulonephritis/癲癇性発作

Optimizing Gestational Weight Gain, Birth Weight and Other Perinatal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women at Risk of Hypertension in Pregnancy

Safety of MenACWY-CRM Vaccination in Adolescents

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