glutamine/infarction

Following consent, patients will be assigned a unique study identification number (ID). A master list linking patient ID to patient name and medical record number will be maintained on a password protected and encrypted departmental server location with access limited to research staff. Patients

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a rare hereditary disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterized by exceptionally high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Clinical manifestations may vary but often include markedly premature coronary artery disease,

Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the major cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries in which activated macrophages are abundant in the atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophages play key roles during early atherogenesis.

INTRODUCTION Glutamine (GLN) is the most abundant free amino acid in the body, and commonly known as a non-essential amino acid due to the ability of most cells to produce it. It has many essential metabolic functions in the organism; it is an energy substrate for most cells (especially for

Myocardial preservation in cardiac surgery has mainly focused on the period when the heart is arrested (cross-clamp time). Today the heart can be arrested for up to 2-3 hours without major consequences. However, in spite of comparatively short cross-clamp times approximately 10% of the patients