Patients with temporomandibular disorders

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

Patients will complete the mentioned questionnaires.

Questionnaire application

Halime ARIKAN

Reliability, Validity of The Turkish Version of Fonseca Anamnestic Index

Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI) is an easy and understandable questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 10 questions that provide a versatile evaluation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the head and neck, whether there is pain during chewing, the presence of parafunctional habits, range of motion, joint sounds, malocclusion, and emotional stresses. The participants give one of the answers to the questions "Yes = 10 points, Sometimes = 5 points, No = 0 points". As a result of the total of the points, the participants are evaluated as "TMD-None = 0-15 points, Mild-TMD = 20-40 points, Moderate TMD = 45-60 points, Severe-TMD = 100 points".It is valid and reliable a questionnaire in clinic. Therefore, Turkish version must do.

Research Assistant

Gazi University

This group of patients received patients with bruxism. It was applied proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), myofascial releasing maneuvers and home exercises.

This group of patients received patient with bruxism. It was applied myofascial releasing maneuvers and home exercises.

This group of patients received patient with bruxism. It was applied conventional treatment and no myofascial releasing or Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation exercises were applied.

Exercise

Bruxism

Myofascial

For Group 1 (n:20), the PNF, myofascial releasing and home exercises were used to decrease pain, jaw restriction and improve functional mobility on the masseter, lateral and medial pterygoid, buccinator, temporalis, orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, upper side of trapezius muscle, splenius, scalenous, and cervical extensor muscle in 20 patients with bruxism, for 2 and 6 weeks after pre-evaluation. PNF, myofascial releasing and home exercises were administered for 2 weeks, followed by 3 sets of 10 repeat home exercises and 6 weeks under physiotherapist control.

PNF, Myofascial Releasing Maneuvers, Home Exercise Group

In Group 2 (n:15), as myofascial releasing and home exercise group,final evaluation was made with 10 sets of myofascial releasing and home exercises for 2 and 6 weeks.

Myofascial Releasing Maneuvers and Home Exercises Group

In Group 3 (n:17), as the control group, no myofascial releasing or Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation exercises were applied.

Control Group

Inonu University

The Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Myofascial Releasing Maneuvers and Home Exercises on Pain and Jaw Function in Patients With Bruxism

Assessment The Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Myofascial Releasing Maneuvers and Home Exercises on Pain and Jaw Function in Patients With Bruxism

The severity of pain was evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (intolerable pain).The VAS scale is recommended for evaluation because of highly reliability.

The Jaw Functional Limitation Scale is a scale assessing the restriction of jaw movement. It consists of 8 items related to normal daily functions of the mouth, such as chewing, yawning, swallowing and smiling, with each item scored on a scale of 0 (no restriction) to 10 (high restriction), thus total scores range from 0 -80 (8, 11).

The Oral Behaviour Checklist consists of 21 questions about bad oral habits. This scale is answered as a 5-point Likert scale with the responses of never, occasionally, sometimes, often, and always. The total points of the scale range from 0 to 84 .

Elisa Çalışgan

İnonu University

Experimental, Randomized Controlled Study

Participants didn't know taking which exercise treatment methods

The intervention will be twelve sessions (two per week). Laser parameters: wavelength - 786.94 nm; conventional tip; energy density - 25 J/cm²; intensity - 1.675 mW/cm²; output power - 70 mW (0.070 W); and exposure time - 20 seconds per point. The point application method will be used with direct contact with the skin (spot beam of 0.04 cm²), following the protocol suggested by Carvalho et al.50 and Venezian et al.44 A potentiometer will be used to determine the mean power of the laser equipment to ensure the safety of the operator.

The intervention will be a maxillary occlusal splint will be used on the maxilla with palatal and occlusal coverage. Following the protocol established by Hachmann et al., the children will only use the splint at night for two months, with weekly adjustments of a quarter turn.46

Placebo laser will be performed using the same equipment.

Sleep Bruxism

Low-level laser therapy administrated to acupoints

Laser

Occlusal splint

Placebo laser (Low-level laser therapy administrated to acupoints)

Placebo laser

Evaluation of Muscle Activity, Bite Force and Salivary Cortisol in Children With Bruxism

Evaluation of Muscle Activity, Bite Force and Salivary Cortisol in Children With Bruxism Before and After Laser Use of Low Power in Acupoints- Controlled Clinical Trial

six-channel BTS TMJOINT electromyograph (BTS Engineering)

Bite force will be measured using a digital gnathodynamometer (DMD, Kratos Equipamentos Industriais Ltda, Cotia, São Paulo, Brazil) adapted for oral conditions

Saliva will be collected on cotton swabs, which will be left in the mouth for two minutes. The cotton will then be placed into a centrifuge tube and the sample will be stored at -20° C until analysis.25 Salivary cortisol will be measured prior to therapy and on Day 50 to measure the degree of stress. Two collections will be performed in the home of the participant at 9 am and prior to going to sleep with at least one hour of fasting prior to the collection and will be followed with oral hygiene with water. The collection will be performed on a Sunday following the manufacturer's recommendations and will be delivered on the following Monday for analysis at University Nove de Julho (Brazil).

malocclusion/headache

Reliability, Validity of The Turkish Version of Fonseca Anamnestic Index

The Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation, Myofascial Releasing Maneuvers and Home Exercises on Pain and Jaw Function in Patients With Bruxism

Evaluation of Muscle Activity, Bite Force and Salivary Cortisol in Children With Bruxism

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