neurodegenerative diseases/edema

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a progressive photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) degeneration that begins as a night vision loss, resulting in narrowing of the visual field and legal blindness. RP is a heterogeneous genetic disorder, affecting 1/3000- 8000 people worldwide. RP is the

Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive, non-inflammatory corneal degenerative disease. It is a pathology characterized by a progressive thinning and protrusion of the cornea that ends in a cone‐shaped cornea. This results in progressive myopia and irregular astigmatism with associated progressive loss of

Glaucoma: a major health care challenge of the 21st century Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is expected to affect 76 million people by the year 2020. In glaucoma, there is a permanent loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the long-projecting central nervous

Encephalopathy, thiamine deficiency, uremia, hypertension, electrolyte imbalance after dialysis are clinical pictures with high incidences in case of renal failure. There are multifactor reasons in its pathophysiology such as hormonal imbalance, oxidative stress, accumulation of metabolites in time,

As part of the central nervous system (CNS), the retina shares key structural and functional features with the brain, making it a potential portal into a patient's medical future. Since the cerebral and retinal microvasculature are strikingly similar, the condition of retinal vasculature has been

The investigators performed an open label phase I clinical trial using two commercially available doses of Nilotinib (150 and 300mg capsules) in patients with advanced PDD and DLB. These indications have some overlapping pathologies and clinical symptoms and share common plasma and CSF biomarkers,

In 1994, it was estimated that 12 million individuals had RF and RHD worldwide , and at least 3 million had congestive heart failure (CHF) that required repeated hospital admissions. A large section of the individuals with CHF required cardiac valve surgery within 5-10 years . The mortality rate for

Aortic valve stenosis (AS) shows a high prevalence in Western civilizations with an increasing incidence and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. AS is a degenerative disease and therefore the main reason for the increasing prevalence is the higher proportion of elderly patients in

Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy (FED) is a degenerative disease affecting the corneal endothelium, characterized clinically by guttate excrescences on the posterior corneal surface and dysfunctional corneal endothelial cells. While patients are commonly asymptomatic in their early stages, advanced FED

Retinal detachments consist in a separation of the neuroretina from the retinal pigment epithelium. The most common form is rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), which occurs as a result of a full-thickness retinal break and the presence of vitreoretinal tractions. Photoreceptor cell death occurs

Patients referred to ophthalmology for developing type 2 diabetes subspecialist ophthalmologist evaluate the macula them by biomicroscopy, pupillary dilation, to detect clinically significant macular edema. EMCS diagnosis is made according to ETDRS criteria, and patients who were requested to submit

Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) is a complex multisystem disorder with neurodegenerative course, immune deficiency, and tendency to develop malignancies .The clinical picture includes progressive cerebellar ataxia along with a movement disorder (chorea, dystonia or bradykinesia) that may be even more

A quantum leap forward in our understanding of MS pathophysiology was provided by the discovery of myelin by Louis Ranvier in 1878, and by Pierre Marie who first suggested in 1892 that demyelination represented a critical element in MS pathology.1 In 1925 Lord Edgar Douglas Adrian reported the first

Parkinson disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor symptoms. Patients are initially treated successfully with drugs (e.g. levodopa), unfortunately use is limited due to severe side effects. In the advanced stages of PD neurosurgical treatment is the next