noradrenalin/atrophy

Melatonin has been considered as a hormone with potent immunomodulating, anxiolitic and antioxidative properties. Melatonin is also known to be inhibitor of sympatoadrenal activity. The study was aimed to elucidate changes in melatonin synthesis induced by noradrenalin IM injection. Melatonin plasma

Fatigue is a frequent complaint among healthy population and one of the earliest and most debilitating symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Earlier studies have examined the role of dopamine and serotonin in pathogenesis of fatigue, but the plausible role of noradrenalin (NA) remains underexplored.

Olfactory deficiency has been reported in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans but is very poorly understood due to the lack of investigations in animal models of AD. Recent studies point to the noradrenergic system as an important target of the AD pathological process. In

Headaches can be of sinugenic origin even if this cause may not be suspected from the case history. Endoscopy of the lateral nasal wall with rigid cold light endoscopes in combination with polytomography or computed tomography usually will reveal the underlying causes hidden from the unaided eye,

Palliative care patients do not only suffer from cancer pain but also from painful muscle spasticity due to multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, after stroke or due to dementia if damage of the pyramidal motor system is present. Centrally active muscle relaxants can be helpful also

Lacunar strokes (LS) are often preceded by repetitive transitory ischaemic attacks (TIAs) known as 'capsular warning syndrome'. The treatment of these symptoms remains controversial. Anticoagulants are often used in this situation, most of the time, however, with no or little benefit. Since it is

OBJECTIVE Labetalol is an effective antihypertensive medication frequently used to treat systemic hypertension in acute care settings, including the management of hypertension associated with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. We present a case of profound hypotension, refractory to inotropic and

Although prion diseases are most commonly modeled using the laboratory mouse, the diversity of prion strains, behavioral testing and neuropathological assessments hamper our collective understanding of mouse models of prion disease. Here we compared several commonly used murine strains of prions in

Rett syndrome is a progressive, usually sporadic and rarely familial, disabling neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in early childhood presenting clinically with mental retardation, behavioral changes, late movement disturbances, loss of speech and hand skills, ataxia, apraxia, irregular

OBJECTIVE The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level) and hippocampal monoamine levels (markers of depression), plasma adrenalin level (a peripheral marker of stress) as well as

Schizophrenia, a disabling mental disorder, is characterized by brain atrophy, especially in the superior temporal gyrus and the medial temporal lobe, which includes the hippocampus and the amygdala. The model that better explains brain atrophy includes a trigger and a predisposing condition. The

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant and widely expressed neurotrophin in the brain. BDNF is believed to play an important role in depressive disorder. Chronic stress decreases the synthesis of hippocampal BDNF, which leads to atrophy of the hippocampus in the depressed

Visual hallucinations are a common and often distressing consequence of vision loss, particularly in age-related macular degeneration. Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is defined by the triad of complex visual hallucinations, ocular pathology causing visual deterioration and preserved cognitive status.

6-OH-DA is an isomer of noradrenalin which is selectively taken up by adrenergic axons. Noradrenalin stores are displaced by 6-OH-DA and at a certain intraneuronal concentration, degeneration of the terminals occurs and results in a chemical sympathectomy. The effects of 6-OH-DA on the rabbit

BACKGROUND Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA), causes a deterioration in the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) and oxygen therapy (O(2)) are useful for improving the CSR-CSA