noradrenaline/脳卒中

The gastrointestinal tract begins its colonization shortly after the birth. During the first two years of life, microbiota is unstable and less diverse than in adulthood, when its complexity and diversity are modified. There are more than 100 trillion microorganisms hosted in the gut, mostly as

Pneumoperitonium for laproscopic surgery usually result in decrease total respiratory compliance due to cranial shift of the diaphragm. Alveolar recuirtment is applied hopefully to minimize lung atlectasis and open collapsed alveoli to maintain arterial oxygenation. The anantomical proximity of

Depression is common and associated with considerable health disability. Traditional antidepressants mainly work by modulating monoamine levels in the synaptic cleft; however, the evidence that depression is caused by impaired serotonin or noradrenaline activity is weak and inconsistent, and indeed

Adult patients undergoing major oncosurgeries will be included in the study ,with Alpha Error(%) = 5 ,Power(%)= 80 ,required sample size per group is 29.Investigators will include 30 patients in each group. Patients will be randomly allotted to Central Venous Pressure CVP Group (Control Group) or

At investigators institution, neither anesthetic approaches to replacement of blood or fluid losses were standardized before 2014 for scoliosis surgery. Before 2014, fluid therapy was liberal and according to general principles of good clinical practice and ephedrine boluses of 5 mg were given when

Background Propofol anesthesia reduces cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) but it is unclear whether the decrease in CBF is accentuated by hypotension. Cerebral autoregulation is generally considered to maintain CBF when MAP is between 60-150 mmHg. Hence, vasoactive medication

I. Background Excessive fluid loss is often reported in gastrointestinal surgical patients due to preoperative fasting and bowel preparations. Many factors may further exacerbate the lack of fluid volume, including intraoperative blood loss and fluid loss, anesthetic drug-induced peripheral

Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) are common: Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent disorder that is serious, and in some cases life-threatening, condition. The 12-month prevalence of major depressive disorder in the United States is 6.6% (Kessler

Heart Failure (HF) As heart failure is defined as a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder and affects the ability of the ventricle to accept or eject blood. Its incidence is increasing in recent years in the Western world. It is estimated that

Arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for diseases like myocardial infarction and stroke leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle modifications are often recommended as a part of treatment for mild hypertension, but the efficacy of the adjunct therapy is unclear. Weight

Aside from its obvious impact on renal function, chronic hypertension significantly increases the risk for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and vascular disease, and it is believed to mediate the pathogenesis and progression of cardiac arrhythmias via its remodeling effects on cardiac

Study aim A: Red cell mass and hypoxia: Various forms of altitude training have been used to increase in particular endurance performance of elite athletes. The most commonly used approaches is either to live and train at altitude (Live high - train high; LHTH) or to live at high altitude while

Background Perioperative fluid management in abdominal surgery is a subject of controversy and current standard fluid therapy is not evidence based. Standard fluid therapy includes replacement of basic fluid requirements, loss by perspiration, by exsudation through the surgical wound, and loss into

One important feature of the human brain is the ability to undergo plastic changes and reorganization after learning and lesions of the nervous system. This ability is of major importance for the treatment of functional deficits after stroke. Stroke is the major disease leading to persistent

Aims To investigate whether there are differences in postoperative cognitive function, total morbidity or cost, following cardiac surgery determined by the use of either propofol or desflurane as the primary anaesthetic agent. Hypothesis The null hypothesis is that there are no differences in