papain/fever

The N-terminal region of simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) nonstructural polyprotein 1a is predicted to encode three papain-like proteases (PLP1α, PLP1β, and PLP1γ). Catalytic residues and cleavage sites for each of the SHFV PLP1s were predicted by alignment of the SHFV PLP1 region sequences

The simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) genome differs from those of other members of the family Arteriviridae in encoding three papain-like one proteases (PLP1α, PLP1β and PLP1γ) at the 5' end and two adjacent sets of four minor structural proteins at the 3' end. The catalytic Cys and His

Chikungunya virus is the pathogenic alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever in humans. In the last decade millions of cases have been reported around the world from Africa to Asia to the Americas. The alphavirus nsP2 protein is multifunctional and is considered to be pivotal to viral replication,

BACKGROUND Enzymatic debridement is a method by which burn wounds can be prepared for coverage by skin grafts in patients presenting late. Many agents have been used in the past but none of them have been thoroughly evaluated. The present study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of Debridace, a

The present study aims at engineering, fabrication, characterization, and qualifications of papain (PPN) conjugated SiO2-coated iron oxide nanoparticles "IONPs@SiO2-PPN". Initially fabricated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were coated with silica (SiO2) using sol-gel method to hinder the

Chikungunya virus is a growing human pathogen transmitted by mosquito bite. It causes fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, joint pain, headache, and swelling in the joints. Its replication and propagation depend on the protease activity of the Chikungunya virus-nsP2 protein, which cleaves the nsP1234

Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) causes a severe and almost uniformly fatal viral hemorrhagic fever in Asian macaques but is thought to be nonpathogenic for humans. To date, the SHFV life cycle is almost completely uncharacterized on the molecular level. Here, we describe the first steps of the

Two lipopolysaccharide antigens that differ by the technique of preparation from S. typhi, one named crude is easily extracted, the other one is water-phenol extracted. Both were adsorbed by papain and cysteine to lamb erythrocyte surfaces, fixed then by glutaraldehyde and used in a plate

Saliva of many vector arthropods contains factors that inhibit haemostatic responses in their vertebrate hosts. Less is known about the effect of vector saliva on host immune responses. We investigated the effect of Aedes aegypti salivary gland extracts on antigen-stimulated responses of transgenic

The blood and urine of mice and rats infected with Babesia rodhaini contain substances which stimulate the isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat duodenum. The amount of active material excreted increases as the infection increases. The active substances are stable to boiling with hydrochloric acid but

Type I interferons (IFNs-α/β) play a key role for the antiviral state of host, and the porcine arterivirus; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), has been shown to down-regulate the production of IFNs during infection. Non-structural protein (nsp) 1 of PRRSV has been

Aedes aegypti, the principal mosquito vector of yellow fever, dengue fever and chikungunya fever virus-transmitted diseases, is an insect closely associated with humans and their housing habitats. As there is no commercially available vaccine, prevention is the most suggested form of avoiding

The authors analysed the indirect immunofluorescence assay, for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis using papain treated W. bancrofti microfilariae as antigen, widely used in Recife-Brazil. Sera from 50 patients with several clinical forms of the disease including asymptomatic carriers, tropical

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are big heterogenic group of exotoxins, rather differential in respect of their nucleotide and amino-acid homology, as well as the location of their genes, molecular weight and iso-electric point value. SEs were identified in 1959 as the extra-cellular proteins

Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV; also called Ganjam virus in India) is a bunyavirus of the genus Nairovirus. It causes a haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in sheep and goats with mortality up to 90%. The virus is closely related to the human pathogen Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV).