spondylitis/ニコチン

Patients will answer the following the questationnaire: Name age gender 1 Socio echonomic status (average salary \year) (Education) (Job) (residence) 1. Body mass index (height\wt2) 2. Disease duration in months. 3. Smoking (yes) (No) Passive smoker Ex smoker 4. Reproductive history: - age of

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and in Canada accounting for nearly one third of the total deaths in both instances.1-2 The majority of CVD cases are caused by modifiable risk factors such as tobacco use, obesity, hypertension,

Rapid estrogen level decline after menopause is associated with systemic bone loss in women leading to osteopenia/osteoporosis. Estrogen therapy (ET) improves bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Currently, ET has been associated with statistically significant increased risk of breast