Group to receive direct current application percutaneously using an acupuncture needle with intensities in microamps (µA) at hamstring muscular belly. The acupuncture needle will correspond to the negative electrode or cathode.
The group will also receive a passive stretching exercise treatment by a physical therapist.

Group to receive direct current application percutaneously using an acupuncture needle with intensities in microamps (µA) at the hamstring tendon. The acupuncture needle will correspond to the negative electrode or cathode.
The group will also receive a passive stretching exercise treatment by a physical therapist.

Group to receive treatment by assisted passive stretching performed by a physical therapist on tightness hamstrings.

Hamstring Contractures

three applications of direct current at 600 µA interrupted by intervals of 30 seconds between application at the level of the muscular belly of the shortened hamstrings.

Muscle belly Microelectrolysis

three applications of direct current at 600 µA interrupted by intervals of 30 seconds between application in the tendon of the shortened hamstrings.

Tendon Microelectrolysis

5 sets of passive static hamstring stretches using the straight leg extension (SLR) test for a time of 30 seconds and interval of 30 seconds for each

Stretching exercises

Universidad Andrés Bello

Percutaneous Microelectrolysis in Agility, Joint Range and Strength

Effectiveness of Percutaneous Microelectrolysis and Stretching Exercises on Agility, Strength, and Knee Joint Range in Hamstring Tightness in Athletes

Comparing maximum hamstring isometric strength changes pre and post application of microelectrolysis and hamstring stretching protocol.

Comparing maximum knee extention range pre and post application of microelectrolysis and hamstring stretching protocol.

Comparison of time changes in performing the T agility test pre and post application of microelectrolysis and hamstring stretching protocol.

Quiropraxia y Equilibrio

Inflammatory Back Pain

The investigators will evaluate the effect of a gluten free diet (GFD) in IBP patients, randomly assigned to receive standard therapy for IBP or standard therapy for IBP plus GFD, for a period of at least one year.

Gluten free diet

Department of Internal Medicine, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital of Sciacca

Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Palermo

Inflammatory Back Pain and Gluten Free Diet

Musculoskeletal (back pain) evaluation, from baseline at 12 months of GFD, according to the scores calculated on the basis of Visual Analogue Scales for Musculoskeletal (back pain), taking into account whether the patients adhered or not to the GFD.

Changes in cytokines production from peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC), from baseline (i.e. at diagnosis) at 12 months of GFD, taking into account whether the patients adhered or not to the GFD.

Prevalence of IBP in CD and in NCWS patients.

Pasquale Mansueto

University of Palermo

the same protocol is applied but with the probe being turned off.

patients will be treated by ESWT once a week for 4 weeks

Extracorporal Shock Wave Therapy

Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

In the first group patients will be treated by ESWT once a week for 4 weeks. (Each time 3000 impulses, with 0.25 mJouls/M2 and 3 Hertz of frequency. After each 500 pulses, the probe position will be corrected, using trans-perineal ultrasound.

standars electromagnetic DUOLITH SD1

In the control group, the same protocol is applied but with the probe being turned off.

turn off standars electromagnetic DUOLITH SD1

Efficacy of Extracorporal Shock Wave Therapy in Patient With Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis / Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

The Efficacy of Extracorporal Shock Wave Therapy on Symptoms Relief in Patients With Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis / Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

For each patient, pelvic pain intensity considering is performed at the beginning and end of study, by visual analogue scale(VAS). Patients are considered by doctor for NIH index according to NIH-CPSI scale at the beginning and end of study.

Farshid Alizadeh

pediatric urologist

Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

periodontal tools for dental scaling and cleaning provided that have a narrow diameter (8mm) made of heavy material (steel).

periodontal tools for scaling and tooth cleaning provided with large diameter (11mm) handle made of light weight material

Shoulder Pain

8mm diameter, heavy periodontal tool made from steel

narrow diameter heavy dental tool

Periodontal tools (4-8) provided to dental practitioners to use for all dental scaling or cleaning. This tool handle diameter is 11 mm diameter and it is made from lightweight Delrin.

large diameter light weight tool

UCSF Ergonomics Program

Effect of Tool Design on Hand Pain in Dental Practitioners

peak pain assessed on 0-10 scale using end of week questionnaire

mean number of days using medications for upper extremity pain before the intervention compared to after the intervention

Mean number of nights waken from sleep with burning, numbness or tingling in the right thumb, index or middle fingers during the pre-intervention period compared to the post-intervention period.

tendinopathy/fatigue

Percutaneous Microelectrolysis in Agility, Joint Range and Strength

Inflammatory Back Pain and Gluten Free Diet

Efficacy of Extracorporal Shock Wave Therapy in Patient With Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis / Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome

Effect of Tool Design on Hand Pain in Dental Practitioners

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