toluene/トウモロコシ

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is commercially produced as an approximate 80:20 mixture of the 2,4- and 2,6-isomers. In 1980, 580,000 pounds of this chemical were produced in the United States, primarily for use in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams. These foam elastomers are found in

Toluene, an industrial organic solvent, is voluntarily inhaled as drug of abuse. Because inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is one of the possible mechanisms underlying developmental neurotoxicity of toluene, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of toluene

Published studies of the kinetics of toluene in rats have shown that its concentration in the blood rises during inhalation and falls after exposure stops; a similar uptake profile and longer persistence in blood typify the kinetics after oral exposure. Because rats in these studies are typically

Polyurethanes (PU) are polymers made with diisocyanates such as MDI (4,4'-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) and TDI (2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate). Investigations have been undertaken with MDI and TDI to assess dermal uptake and resulting systemic exposure. Absorption,

Although respiratory sensitization and pulmonary irritation have been the subject of particular studies with toluene diisocyanate (TDI), in recent years the potential carcinogenicity of TDI has been a reason for concern and speculation. This has arisen from the expectation that following exposure to

Life stage is an important risk factor for toxicity. Children and aging adults, for example, are more susceptible to certain chemicals than are young adults. In comparison to children, relatively little is known about susceptibility in older adults. Additionally, few studies have compared toxicant

Organic solvents have been detected in the milk of workers in the rubber industry exposed during gestation to a mixture of solvents at average concentrations lower than the currently accepted occupational limit of exposure (100 ppm). The objective of the present study was to determine if exposure of

OBJECTIVE Abuse of toluene-containing volatile solvents by adolescents is a significant public health problem. The present study characterized the long-term behavioural and neurochemical consequences of toluene exposure during adolescence. METHODS Male NMRI mice received one injection per day of

Toluene, an industrial organic solvent, is voluntarily inhaled as drug of abuse. Toluene has been shown to inhibit the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotinic receptors play an important role in brain development during brain growth spurt and early adolescence. The long-term effects of neonatal

BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is implicated in the acute locomotor activating effects of some addictive drugs such as amphetamine, caffeine, and PCP, but has not been investigated in the case of toluene. OBJECTIVE This study determined the contribution of the NO-cyclic GMP (cGMP) pathway to locomotor

Toluene is used to back-blend gasoline, as a chemical intermediate, and as a solvent; 920 million gallons were produced in the United States in 1988. Toxicology studies were conducted by administering toluene (greater than 99% pure) in corn oil by gavage to groups of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of

Toluene is an organic solvent that is toxic to humans. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and thymoquinone (TQ) exhibit antioxidant and antitoxic effects. We investigated the protective effects of CAPE and TQ on toluene induced hepatotoxicity. Wistar albino rats were divided into seven groups of

Toluene is a major industrial solvent and substance of abuse which is ototoxic in rats as shown by both behavioral testing and measurement of brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) thresholds. The objective of this investigation was to examine the morphological (hair cell loss) and functional

Groups of 50 F344/N rats of each sex and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex were gavaged with corn oil or a mixture of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in corn oil for 5 days per week for 105 or 106 weeks. Female rats and mice were given doses of 60 or 120 mg/kg body weight, while male rats received 30 or 60

Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), 800 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in corn oil and administered (ip) in a single injection to male rats, damaged the lung as indicated by an increase in lavage ACE, protein and LDH and caused a significant increase in phospholipid, particularly, phosphatidyl choline