Aqueous Extract of Humulus japonicus Attenuates Hyperlipidemia and Fatty Liver in Obese Mice.

In this study, the effects of Humulus japonicus (HJ) aqueous extract on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and HepG2 cells (in vitro model) as well as on C57BL/6 mice fed on high-fat diet (HFD) (in vivo model) were evaluated. Mice fed on HFD for 12-weeks were taken the HJ water extract (HJW) at various doses, 50, 150, and 250 mg/kg, orally for 8 weeks. We have noticed the accumulation of fat globules in preadipocytes and HepG2 cells using Oil Red O staining. In addition, supplementation with HJW considerably inhibited the weight gain, lipid accumulation, and adipogenesis and decreased the size of subcutaneous adipocytes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, treatment with HJW improved hyperlipidemia via decreasing the levels of serum triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoproteins as well as the atherogenic index. Supplementation with HJW could attenuate HFD-induced lipid accumulation, increase the mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1), and would elevate the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in mice liver. The levels of TG and FAS mRNA in HepG2 cells treated with palmitate were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. In sum, HJW could alleviate the HFD-induced obesity and decrease the dyslipidemia profiles; the keys that could contribute to cardiovascular and nonalcoholic liver diseases.