Physiology and selected genes expression under cadmium stress in Arundo donax L.

The effects of cadmium stress (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) on morpho-physiological features and selected genes (carotenoid hydroxilase, amidase, GR, bHLH, NRAMP and YSL) expression were demonstrated in Arundo donax L. The plants were assessed for Cd uptake and its effects on chlorophyll and antioxidants after 30 days of exposure. The expression of genes conferring metal tolerance was evaluated after 10 days of Cd exposure. The results showed a maximum Cd uptake in roots (872 mg/kg) followed by stem (734 mg/kg) and leaves (298 mg/kg) at highest supplied Cd concentration. The Cd uptake reduced dry weight, Chla, Chlb, and total Chl contents of giant reed. The SOD, CAT, POD activities and MDA content increased at the maximum Cd concentration over control. The highest genes expression for carotenoid hydroxylase, glutathione reductase and amidase was observed in plants exposed to 100 mg/L. However, differential bHLH gene expression and slightly increased gene expression of NRAMP was noted for different Cd treatments. Amidase expressed under Cd stress which is pioneer report in A. donax. These results provided insights into the mechanisms of A. donax tolerance and survival under Cd Stress.