1 3 butanediol/seizures

The ketogenic diet is known to have an anti-epileptic effect; in fact it is currently used to treat drug resistant epilepsies. The efficacy of this diet is thought to be correlated to the elevation of blood ketone bodies. Because of problems with compliance to this diet, there is an interest in

BACKGROUND Toxicity of 1,4-butanediol, an industrial solvent and a substance of abuse, is still misunderstood and not well documented. To date, only supportive treatments are used in this poisoning. METHODS The case of a 43-year-old man who ingested 30 mL of a homemade 1,4-butanediol solution and

Acute poisoning with GHB (Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) has been an increasing medical and social problem during the last decade in Sweden, especially on the west coast. The number of poisonings decreased in the beginning of this millennium but has again increased during the last

BACKGROUND The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission announced a recall of Aqua Dots (Spin Master Ltd.; Toronto, Canada) on November 7, 2007 due to children becoming ill after swallowing beads from these toy craft kits. Reports suggested that the beads contained 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), a

1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) is an industrial solvent that is metabolized to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist and central nervous system depressant. GHB and its analogues are popular drugs of abuse. Withdrawal from these agents is characterized by autonomic instability and

Central nervous system oxygen toxicity (CNS-OT) manifests as tonic-clonic seizures and is a limitation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), as well as of recreational and technical diving associated with elevated partial pressure of oxygen. A previous study showed that ketone ester (1,3-butanediol

1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) is the dihydroxy precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a popular recreational drug that has been banned by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and controlled as a federal schedule I drug. 1,4-BD is enzymatically converted in vivo to GHB by alcohol

OBJECTIVE Previous studies showed that a single oral administration of a synthetic ketone ester (1,3-butanediol acetoacetate diester, BD-AcAc2) could elevate blood ketones with promising acute anti-epileptic effects. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the tolerability of a prolonged

OBJECTIVE Treatment with the ketone body precursor 1,3-butanediol has been suggested to ameliorate hypoxic/ischemic brain damage. Butanediol could provide an alternative energy substrate for the brain, thereby decreasing the amount of glycolytically produced lactate. Hyperglycemia aggravates brain

gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a naturally occurring compound in the central nervous system (CNS) whose tissue concentration are highly increased in the neurometabolic-inherited deficiency of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) activity or due to intoxication. SSADH deficiency is

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursors, 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), are recreational drugs widely abused in the US, Europe and Australasia. A severe withdrawal syndrome from GHB, 1,4-BD and GBL has been increasingly documented over the last years, necessitating

A severe and life-threatening gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) withdrawal syndrome, clinically similar to the alcohol withdrawal syndrome, is increasingly being reported in GHB addicts. We investigated for the occurrence of withdrawal in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats, and in the selectively bred

BACKGROUND 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) is a gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) pro-drug, with multiple commercial uses, and a drug of abuse. Although there are case reports of a withdrawal syndrome following 1,4-BD use, no studies have evaluated the physical dependence potential of 1,4-BD and characterized the

The relative anticonvulsant potential of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, muscimol, was compared after microinjection into either the inferior colliculus, substantia nigra or medial septum of ethanol-dependent rats. Bilateral microinjection of muscimol (10-30 ng) into the inferior

A high-fat, almost carbohydrate-free diet is used in children with intractable epilepsy to help control seizures by inducing a permanent state of ketosis. Esters of ketone bodies have been previously studied for their potential as parenteral and enteral nutrients. We tested in conscious dogs whether