cynoglossum/alkaloid

In this paper we test three plant species for the inducibility of their alkaloid production. The plants were heavily damaged by cutting off 50% of their leaf surface using a pair of scissors. The cut-off leaf tips were used as controls for possible diurnal fluctuations. After 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h,

Two new pyrrolizidine alkaloids have been isolated from the roots of Cynoglossum furcatum. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, structures of the compounds have been elucidated. They are lactodine (3), a monoster alkaloid and viridinatine (4), a pyrrolizidine diester alkaloid. The

Reinvestigation of Cynoglossum creticum led to the isolation of the previously reported echinatine [1] and heliosupine [2] as well as rinderine [3], 7-angelylheliotridine [4] and a new alkaloid, cynoglossamine [5]. The structures have been determined by spectral means (ir, ms, 1H-13C HETCOR nmr),

The death of 10 horses was attributed to feeding dried grass hay containing hound's-tongue, Cynoglossum officinale. Affected horses developed weight loss, icterus, photosensitization, and hepatic encephalopathy. Histologic examination of the liver of 3 of the horses revealed megalocytosis, biliary

Plant samples from leaves of Cerinthe minor, Cynoglossum clandestinum, Echium tuberculatum (as well roots), Eritrichium rupestre, Lithospermum purpureo-coerulem, Nonnea lutea, Nonnea setosa, Onosma stellulatum and Cynoglossum amabile were screened for toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) with a newly

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their corresponding N-oxides (PANOs) have been determined in food and feed at levels relevant for consumer health. More than 660 different PAs have been detected, but few are available as reference substances for analytical demands. In the context of the

Progress has recently been made in the elucidation of pathways of secondary metabolism. However, because of its diversity, genetic information concerning biosynthetic details is still missing for many natural products. This is also the case for the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. To close

Homospermidine synthase (HSS) is the first specific enzyme in pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) biosynthesis, a pathway involved in the plant's chemical defense. HSS has been shown to be recruited repeatedly by duplication of a gene involved in primary metabolism. Within the lineage of the Boraginales,

Three species of the Boraginaceae were studied: greenhouse-grown plants of Heliotropium indicum and Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformed roots cultures (hairy roots) of Cynoglossum officinale and Symphytum officinale. The species-specific pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA) profiles of the three systems

Four Greek endemic Boraginaceae plants, Onosma erecta Sibth. & Sm., Onosma kaheirei Teppner, Onosma leptantha Heldr., and Cynoglossum columnae L. (aerial parts), were screened for their content of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). TLC with the Mattocks-Molyneux visualization reagent was used as a

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a class of naturally occurring compounds produced by many flowering plants around the World. Their presence as contaminants in food systems has become a significant concern in recent years. For example, PAs are often found as contaminants in honey through pollen

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA)-containing plants are found throughout the world and are probably the most common plant cause of poisoning of livestock, wildlife, and humans. PAs are potent liver toxins that under some conditions can be carcinogenic. This article briefly introduces high-risk North

Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale), a noxious weed that contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), infests pastures and fields in the western United States and Europe. The purpose of this study was to develop techniques to better diagnose PA poisoning and describe the progression of gross and