disaccharide/fever

We have examined the relative ability of 16 sugars and sugar analogues to reduce cell killing by hyperthermia of 40 min, 45 degrees C. In general, sugars were added to the culture medium 6 h prior to heating at a concentration of 100 mM (400 mosmol). The results show that D-hexoses, L-hexoses,

Salmonella typhi 5076-1C, a potential live, oral vaccine for protection against typhoid fever and Shigella sonnei shigellosis, expresses the S. sonnei form I antigen and normal S. typhi somatic antigens. Polysaccharide antigens of this galactose epimeraseless genetic derivative strain were hot

Chemically synthesized lipid A analogs were investigated for several endotoxic activities, including pyrogenicity, lethal toxicity, anticomplement activity, and the capacity to gelate Limulus amoebocyte lysate in comparison to natural lipid A. The synthetic preparations contained D-glucosamine or

Lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) of gram-negative bacteria consist of two components with distinct physico-chemical character: a heteropolysaccharide and a covalently linked lipid, termed lipid A. Chemically, lipid A is made up of acylated glucosamine disaccharides, which are interlinked by

Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes greater than 90% of urinary tract infections, UTI, in childhood. The capacity to adhere to urinary tract epithelial cells characterizes E. coli strains that cause acute pyelonephritis. Adherence of uropathogenic E. coli is the result of a specific interaction

BACKGROUND Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever found worldwide. The microorganism has like other Gram-negative bacteria a lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) in its outer membrane, which is important for the pathogenicity of the bacteria. In order to understand the biological

Endotoxin, from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, has been implicated as the etiological agent of a variety of pathologies ranging from relatively mild (fever) to lethal (septic shock, organ failure, and death). While endotoxin (also known as lipopolysaccharide or LPS) is a complex

Flaviviruses are enveloped, positive single stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses with various routes of transmission. While the type and severity of symptoms caused by pathogenic flaviviruses vary from hemorrhagic fever to fetal abnormalities, their general mechanism of host cell entry is

Typhoid toxin is an A2B5 toxin secreted from Salmonella Typhi-infected cells during human infection and is suggested to contribute to typhoid disease progression and the establishment of chronic infection. To deliver the enzymatic 'A' subunits of the toxin to the site of action in host cells, the

Ammonia has been identified to have a significant role in the long-term damage to dopamine and serotonin terminals produced by methamphetamine (METH), but how ammonia contributes to this damage is unknown. Experiments were conducted to identify whether increases in brain ammonia affect METH-induced